Just one small hitch: if there was an atmosphere in space dense enough to carry sound, the earth would burn up in minutes.

Ah, so this isn't tinnitus, I can actually hear the sun!

I imagine it would be kind of like the hypnotoad sound

Evolution would say: nope. And the surviving class would be deaf. No one is able to accept a permanent jackhammer.

the sheer scale of the universe makes me want to get into astronomy.

If the sun were to go out it would take 8 minutes for the light to stop but 13 years for the sound to stop.

Kind of like when you kill an enderman. 🤔

On the plus side, if we evolved on Planet Sunblaster then our hearing would have evolved to either dial down the volume or filter it out completely.

You wouldn't, of course. Hearing, the way we hear, in such an environment would be useless. We wouldn't have evolved that. This is like saying "ultraviolet radiation from the sun would be everywhere, all the time, can you imagine?" It is everywhere all the time, but as such it isn't a useful sense to possess, so we don't.

This also makes some very weird assumptions about what the sound would be like. If space were a medium sound could travel through then it would--like all mediums capable of carrying a sound wave--alter the wave in many ways. Intensity, frequency, etc. But since we don't know what kind of medium that would be, and since the comment doesn't posit any particular medium, we don't know what the sound would sound like or even how loud it would be.

When I was little, I thought the sound of cicadas came from the sun.

It does. We can't hear it, but it does.

imagine ... hearing the jackhammer scream of our star

Sounds are a form of energy. If we were bombarded by sound waves for the entire existence of the planet, I assume life would have adapted to harness this abundant power source and made it instrumental to how we survive and thrive.

Noone would live for longer than a few weeks after the sun went out.

This seems like bullshit to me. I don't think the noise level of the sun is something we have solid data on

A bullet fired from a gun goes more or less at Mach 1, correct?
It's thirteen years to the sun at the speed of a bullet?

Spacecraft towards Mercury, or the Parker Solar Probe go much faster than that, take a few years to make it there, but they are doing so picking up speed in flybys of first Earth, then Venus, then Mercury, in several, ever tighter orbits.

It's both fun and illuminating to try and visualize these things in new ways. In this case, from the viewpoint of a bullet.

If it takes 13 years for sound how long would it take for us to reach the sun on a rocket