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One representation of a sound wave is a sequence of amplitudes, expressed as binary values. Each sequential chunk of N bits is a number, and that number represents the amplitude of the sound signal at a moment in time. Those moments in time are spaced at equal intervals. One common sampling rate is 44.1 kHz.
That number is chosen because of the nyquist-shannon sampling rate theorem, in combination with the fact that humans tend to be able to hear sounds up to 20 kHz.
The sampling rate theorem says that if you want to reproduce a signal containing information at up to X frequency, you need to sample it at 2X frequency.
To learn more about this topic, look for texts, classes, or videos on “signal processing”. It’s often taught in classes that also cover electronic circuits.
Here is an example of such a text
That’s pretty dense reading, but if you’re willing to stop and learn any math you encounter while reading it, it will probably blow your mind into a whole new level of understanding the world.
I honestly wish I had gotten into all the science and physics of signal processing, taken calculus etc, I feel like I'll pick up a lot of the more qualitative stuff over time particularly if I'm able to apply it in building certain apps that do some novel manipulations and obviously some of that will require me to get an operational understanding of how to put all these blocks together.
You still can. Worst case, you spend $80 now and then on a textbook. There’s no reason you can’t buy a physics or calculus textbook and just start reading it. Costs about the same as an expensive dinner for two.
Best case, you just learn it for free or for the cost of a Khan Academy membership.
You’re not limited to surface level understanding. You can develop as deep an understanding of any topic as anyone else. In fact, I would wager an adult who knows how to work can probably learn math and physics at a much deeper level than a college engineering student, if only because they can take their time and absorb everything fully.
Sounds like you might be a coder. Consider the level of code quality people achieve in hobby projects: often much better than in a professional setting because in the pro setting there’s always a time and budget constraint. In a hobby project, one can polish and polish and take all the time they want.
It’s never too late to give yourself a solid science education.
It’s been 20 years since I bought textbooks and they’ve doubled in price (now about $150 for a physics textbook).
But this one’s one sale: https://a.co/d/8zxWC8B