Start looking for tripped GFCI outlets.
If there is no power to the switch and the breaker didn't trip there is likely a switch with GFCI on the mix.
Another possibility could be a bad breaker (assuming you don't have actual fuses), check this by flipping the breaker off and back on. This could also help to identify other lights/outlets on the circuit. If there is a wiring problem, knowing what other devices are on the circuit could help you track the problem.
While not impossible, it is unlikely that a wire has been severed. It is possible that a wire came loose at another outlet or fixture in the circuit.
If there was a true short, the breaker would be tripped out fuse blown and it would continue to trip.
Problem exists between breaker and wall switch.