this post was submitted on 06 Sep 2024
44 points (92.3% liked)

Linux

48074 readers
932 users here now

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.

Rules

Related Communities

Community icon by Alpár-Etele Méder, licensed under CC BY 3.0

founded 5 years ago
MODERATORS
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
44
Is there any easy way to install a Linux distribution directly to a USB drive? (lemmy.ca)
submitted 2 months ago by [email protected] to c/[email protected]
31 comments fedilink hide all child comments
 

I want to install Debian directly onto my USB drive. Is there an easy way to do this directly without having to reboot to run the installer?

all 33 comments
sorted by: hot top controversial new old
[–] [email protected] 14 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (1 children)

So the lower-ish difficulty answer would be to run the iso installer in a VM with the usb stick forwarded to that VM.

Or you can learn what those fancy installers do: on debian you would use debootstrap

Here seems the whole guide on how to install debian manually with it:
https://gist.github.com/tr3buchet/6407920

Btw, this is also basically how you install Arch. As of until recently there wasn't any installer and you had to go through each step manually (create partitions and fs, install the base system with <insert distro specific tool>, chroot, update fstab, distro specific finishing touches, voilà)

[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 months ago

Depending on what OP actually wants to do it might be simpler to just install Linux normally in a VM. I recommend Hyper-v if you are using Windows Pro and if you are using Windows Home I recommend upgrading to Pro using MAS scripts or using a workaround to install Hyper-V on Home.

You could also use a hypervisor like virtualbox but they are type 2 hypervisors which are usually slower compared to type 1 like Hyper-v or KVM.

[–] [email protected] 13 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Copy a live cd iso using dd.

[–] [email protected] 4 points 2 months ago

This doesn't really install it, though, you can't update or permanently edit and config, set up users, or anything like that. I would guess OP wants something more like booting the ISO in a VM, allocating a thumb drive to that VM, and then installing a full system to it with a boot loader.

[–] [email protected] 12 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago)

I used to have a SanDisk Extreme Portable running Ubuntu. If it was unplugged, my computer would boot Windows and when I plugged in the SSD to USB it would auto boot into Ubuntu. ~~I have no idea how I did it though.~~ It was my first time using Linux and I followed a guide online.

Edit: found the video

[–] [email protected] 10 points 2 months ago (1 children)

I installed from one flash drive with the image (on ventoy) to another flash drive that was plugged in to be the boot drive. On a cheap USB2 drive, it's unusably slow - so make sure you use the fastest drive you can

[–] [email protected] 4 points 2 months ago (1 children)

+1 for "it's unusably slow!"

I tried this last year with Linux Mint, and I learned that a normal USB drive just doesn't have the read/write speed to even e.g. operate Firefox smoothly. There are different ways to address that, none of which really did the trick for me, so the best bet is to just get a drive with the fastest read/write rate possible. I've heard that it can run tolerably well on one of those more performant drives, but I didn't try it myself.

[–] Hule 4 points 2 months ago

USB SSDs are way faster!

[–] [email protected] 6 points 2 months ago

Rufus. Best for unlocked Windows images btw.

[–] [email protected] 6 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Ventoy.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago

nuff said.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago)

without having to reboot to run the installer?

I'm not sure that I understand what you mean. Are you saying that you want to be able to load the OS without having to reboot your computer? Or are you saying that you just don't want to have to click the equivalent of "try the OS" when booting a live USB? If it's the latter, you should be able to just select the flash drive as the install point (though, tbc, I have never tried this, but I don't see why it wouldn't work) (I think you'd need 2 USBs, though — you'd need 1 to be the installer source, and one to be the install point — I don't think theres any installer that can run as a desktop application. Though, if it's Arch Linux, you might actually be able to call pacstrap from the host OS — I've never tried this after having already installed the OS). There's even OS's that are specifically designed to be ephemeral on hardware in this way — eg Tails OS.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 2 months ago

PenDriveLinux or rufus or balena etcher (frequently just referred to as "etcher") or just dd.

[–] Magister 4 points 2 months ago

MX Linux (debian based) works perfectly on a usb drive

[–] spittingimage 3 points 2 months ago

Fatdog is Debian by way of Ubuntu designed to run from a USB drive. There's documentation on the website.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 2 months ago

Yes

[–] [email protected] 3 points 2 months ago (1 children)

directly onto my USB

directly without having to reboot to run the installer?

You use "directly" three times. Remove all instances of the word from your post and reread it. Does the post make sense to you still? Does it have the same meaning?

I am not trying to be a dick, I want to make sure the word does not have a meaning I am not aware of in this context or if Linux is installable to a USB drive 'indirectly' but that does not make sense to me.

Can you rephrase what you are trying to do?

[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 months ago (2 children)

I want to install Debian on the USB drive from my currently running OS, Manjaro Linux.

I don't want to have to boot from Debian installation media to install it on the USB drive.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago

You could use the Debian cloud image. Just download the "no cloud" option and then grow the partitions

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago

I am using Manjaro as well.

Are there Debian apps that you want to run but are unable to because Manjaro is Arch-based? I have read that it is not recommended to install programs compiled for Debian, that it is difficult to run them. Using a virtual machine is the recommended way to use them. Asking just in case but I do not think this is what you want.

Computers can only run one operating system at a time, unless you use virtual machines and hypervisors. Most operating systems are launched after the system uses a bootloader to get the system ready for the operating system. This is usually done by the BIOS/UEFI/firmware starting a bootloader, which then launches the operating system.

If you want a USB that you can plug into a machine that is already running, that has an active operating system like Manjaro or Windows or whatever, then have it start running Debian, like you would an Appimage or a Windows .exe program saved to a USB, that is not possible except maybe with a virtual machine program like Virtual Box or Qemu.

USB drives were not intended to be used as drives that run operating systems. It can be done, but it is not simple and can cause a lot of errors.

What do you need the USB for? If you can explain what you are trying to achieve with more detail, there might be ways to do it differently.

[–] ikidd 2 points 2 months ago

MX Linux and it's predecessor (can't recall the original version) is a Debian distro that will run with a persistence cache on a USB stick.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 months ago

Buy an external ssd or an internal one with an enclosure.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Don't do that

You can but it will be very slow and your drive will die quickly. Alternatively you could make a USB drive with MX Linux and then only save what you need.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago (1 children)

If the system you have has enough RAM you could load the entire OS to RAM and then change the writeback settings to a high interval

[–] [email protected] 0 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Still going to bottleneck and then eventually die

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago (1 children)

dunno, the system might ran out of RAM due to lack of swap, but the drive should be fine due to the limited writes

[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (1 children)

Well no because the cache will fill up faster than writes that are happening. You would be postponing the inevitable.

The only option is to either reduce the number if writes by using MX Linux on the USB or to get something that can handle the writes like a USB NVMe enclosure

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago

ah good point

[–] [email protected] 0 points 2 months ago

Linux mint will install and run from a usb drive as long as you unmount it upon loading its live version. Then it will allow to install on it during the installation procedure. I have an old Mac Mini and an old Macbook Air running Mint 22 that way.

[–] [email protected] 0 points 2 months ago

Yes. Just partition the drive manually, install packages with debootstrap, bind-mount /proc, /sys and /dev, chroot into it and install a bootloader. If you don't understand what I say, you have to run an installer, possibly in a VM.