Hard-right House Republicans are threatening to block a stopgap bill to keep the government funded unless it includes a security crackdown along the U.S.-Mexico border, escalating fears of a shutdown within weeks and injecting the supercharged politics of immigration into an already fraught stalemate over federal spending.
The ultraconservative House Freedom Caucus, whose demands for deep cuts have already stymied agreement on a spending package for the coming year, now say they are unwilling to support even a temporary measure to prevent a lapse in federal funding without a sweeping border measure that has little chance of making it through Congress.
The measure, which would revive policies championed during the Trump administration such as border wall construction, extended detention of asylum seekers and expedited deportation of unaccompanied minors, was so draconian that G.O.P. leaders barely managed in May to scrounge together the Republican votes needed to pass it. It has stalled in the Democrat-controlled Senate and would render any spending bill that carried it dead on arrival there.
It is the latest complication for House Speaker Kevin McCarthy as he seeks to bridge the considerable rifts within his party over spending and prevent a shutdown that is all but certain to tarnish Republicans politically. It is slated to occur on Oct. 1 unless Congress passes a temporary funding patch to allow more time for a deal. The situation could prompt the largest mutiny Mr. McCarthy has faced from the far right since he struck a deal with President Biden to suspend the debt ceiling and avoid a disastrous federal default.
Behind the scenes, Mr. McCarthy is toiling to persuade far-right lawmakers to abandon the tactic. He has privately warned them that trying to use the stopgap spending bill to strong-arm a one-sided border bill through a divided Congress risks scuttling the border security investments Republicans are trying to enact through the regular appropriations bills.
Mr. McCarthy and Representative Steve Scalise of Louisiana, the majority leader, argued to members on a recent conference call that the G.O.P.’s spending proposals already mirrored much of the border bill and addressed most of the Freedom Caucus’s concerns, according to people who heard the call and described it on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss it.
But the conservatives, still simmering with anger at Mr. McCarthy for striking a budget deal with the president that they regard as too spendthrift, are determined to turn the appropriations bills into the next battleground in Congress’s intractable fight over immigration and border security, even if it means holding the government hostage.
“Why on earth would we say, ‘Sure, Secretary Mayorkas, keep screwing over the people I represent, endangering us — and here’s a check to keep doing it?’” asked Representative Chip Roy, Republican of Texas and the ringleader of the effort, referring to Alejandro N. Mayorkas, the homeland security secretary. “I’m not worried about a fight over funding a government that most of the people I know can’t stand.”
Their gambit has prompted consternation among more mainstream House Republicans who are keenly aware that their party would be badly damaged by a shutdown. Some of them have argued that if the Freedom Caucus’s aim is to strengthen border security, their demands are self-defeating. “As I’ve reinforced time and time again, the things you’d want to do to secure the border cost money,” said Representative David Joyce, Republican of Ohio, who chairs the panel that handles homeland security appropriations. “It’s easy to say ‘No’ and ‘We’re going to shut down the government,’ but a lot of those people that I’ve seen them talking about it, may not have been here in the past and may not understand the ramifications, potentially, of doing so.”
Mr. Joyce also argued that if Republicans failed to unite around the spending bills’ existing border security measures, they would lose critical leverage heading into negotiations with the Democrat-led Senate, where the pending homeland security appropriations bill does not include tough border measures.
“We can’t get into that negotiation unless we pass these bills,” he said.
There is little doubt that a stopgap bill will be needed to fund the government past the Sept. 30 end of the fiscal year. The chances that the House and Senate can strike a compromise on a broader federal spending package within the next month are vanishingly slim, with the House still at odds over 11 of the 12 required bills and the two chambers also clashing in their approaches.