this post was submitted on 19 Mar 2024

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257

I apologise if this is already common knowledge, but I just found out you can have multiple layers of LUKS encryption on a drive! (lemmy.ml)

submitted 6 months ago by [email protected] to c/[email protected]

64 comments fedilink hide all child comments

[Image description:
Screenshot of terminal output:

~ ❯ lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINTS
sda              8:0    1  62.5M  0 disk  
└─topLuks      254:2    0  60.5M  0 crypt 
  └─bottomLuks 254:3    0  44.5M  0 crypt

/end image description]

I had no idea!

If anyone else is curious, it's pretty much what you would expect:

cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat /dev/sda
cryptsetup open /dev/sda topLuks
cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat /dev/mapper/topLuks
cryptsetup open /dev/mapper/topLuks bottomLuks
lsblk

Then you can make a filesystem and mount it:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/bottomLuks
mount /dev/mapper/bottomLuks ~/mnt/embeddedLuksTest

I've tested putting files on it and then unmounting & re-encrypting it, and the files are indeed still there upon decrypting and re-mounting.

Again, sorry if this is not news to anyone else, but I didn't realise this was possible before, and thought it was very cool when I found it out. Sharing in case other people didn't know and also find it cool :)

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[–] [email protected] 79 points 6 months ago (3 children)

we really ain't making any jokes on the name of the drives? okay...

[–] maniacal_gaff 47 points 6 months ago (1 children)

Actually the bottomLuks generates most of the power.

[–] [email protected] 24 points 6 months ago

Speed has everything to do with it.

[–] [email protected] 16 points 6 months ago (1 children)

Well considdering it was posted by a user with the username "communism" i will assume bottomLuks

[–] [email protected] 12 points 6 months ago (2 children)

Communism doesn't have hierarchy tho

[–] [email protected] 8 points 6 months ago

That's very true.

But Marxist-Leninism (Lemmy.ml), the attempt to make communism practical and achievable and bumbling into fascism, does have a hierarchy.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 6 months ago (1 children)

Wouldn't that be Anarchism/ Libertarian Socialism? Communism requires a state which is an implicit hierarchy.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 6 months ago

No, anarcho-communists build their own systems of governments that are ruled from the bottom, without a hierarchy.

You dont need a hierarchy to have a State that works for the people

[–] [email protected] 10 points 6 months ago

Yes, perhaps I should have named them outerLuks and innerLuks... oh well lol

[–] [email protected] 59 points 6 months ago (2 children)

Yeah, LUKS and most block level overlays just don't care. That's what good abstraction layers do for you!

You can LUKS on a disk image mounted over SSHFS that itself resides on a Ceph cluster and mounted over iSCSI for all it cares. Is it a block device? Yes? Good to go.

You can even LUKS a floppy if you want. Or a CD.

[–] hperrin 33 points 6 months ago (1 children)

You wouldn’t LUKS a floppy?

[–] MigratingtoLemmy 11 points 6 months ago (1 children)

I absolutely will, if I can find one

[–] [email protected] 5 points 6 months ago (1 children)

And a suitable reader that my computer knows how to talk to.

[–] MigratingtoLemmy 6 points 6 months ago

Connections to the reader need to be encrypted or I don't want it

[–] [email protected] 6 points 6 months ago

I remember years ago investigating alternatives to VMware vSAN and doing hyperconverged storage clusters in Red Hat with glusterFS in top of a couple of other layers. Feels rickety as heck putting it all together but it works well. Hard sell for “normal” people who expect to hit a Next button and get some pretty graphical chart though.

[–] hperrin 49 points 6 months ago (3 children)

It would be good if you wanted to have a system that two people need to be present to unlock. Like those nuke launch locks that need two keys.

[–] Jawa 35 points 6 months ago (3 children)

You can also just split the password for a single LUKS into two parts and give one each to the two people :D

[–] hperrin 9 points 6 months ago

Yeah, you’re right. That’s better.

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[–] [email protected] 17 points 6 months ago (2 children)

Tbf this would enforce the order in which the two people decrypt it, which may not be good if you expect these two people to "arrive" asyncrhonously and you don't want them to have to wait for the other before entering their password/key. But maybe that's too specific of a use case.

[–] [email protected] 13 points 6 months ago* (last edited 6 months ago) (2 children)

You're a programmer, aren't you? Always thinking about those race conditions and edge cases.

[–] [email protected] 8 points 6 months ago

Definitely not professionally lol. I think I'd only want a programming job if I could somehow develop FOSS for a living, which is hard to get a full-time job in. And only to a limited extent as a hobby, though I do enjoy programming and am trying to teach myself more whenever I have the time :)

[–] [email protected] 5 points 6 months ago

Didn't account for the 2 sticky notes cleverly hidden under they keyboard.

[–] Opisek 3 points 6 months ago (2 children)

What about this: Top layer encrypted by Alice Middle layer encrypted by Bob Bottom layer encrypted by Alice

If Alice arrives first, she decrypts the top layer and has to wait for Bob to arrive. She cannot go because she has to decrypt the last layer. If Bob arrives first, he has to wait for Alice to arrive. He cannot go because he hasn't decrypted anything yet.

Not really a solution but kind of helps.

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[–] [email protected] 43 points 6 months ago

Never apologize for enjoying the discovery of new things. That's awesome, enjoy it.

[–] [email protected] 40 points 6 months ago

Now recursively create more layers until you have barely any free space left on the disk, then do some performance benchmarks. ;)

[–] theit8514 25 points 6 months ago (1 children)

You can, sure, but you probably shouldn't. Encrypting and decrypting consume additional cpu time, and you won't gain much in terms of security.

[–] [email protected] 7 points 6 months ago (2 children)

not really if you have a hardware chip that does the encrypt/decrypting

[–] cbarrick 27 points 6 months ago* (last edited 6 months ago) (4 children)

AES has been accelerated on all Intel CPUs since Broadwell, was common as far back as Sandy Bridge, and has been available since Westmere.

AMD has had AES acceleration since Bulldozer.

But the commenter is right that adding a second layer of encryption is useless in everything except very specific circumstances.

[–] theit8514 6 points 6 months ago

Yes, but as I've found recently AES-NI is only as good as your software support for it. Had a team using an ancient version of winscp and they kept complaining about download speeds on our 10Gb circuit. Couldn't replicate it on any other machine with the newest version of winscp so I installed their exact version. AES-NI support wasn't added until like 2020 and it gave them 5x better download speed after upgrading.

[–] [email protected] 4 points 6 months ago

I've also found about this recently when moving my root from drive to drive which was after I upgraded to 13th gen intel (from various older i5s) and the best cipher changed (cryptsetup benchmark).

[–] [email protected] 4 points 6 months ago (2 children)

agreed that it is useless for most cases but I could see it being useful if you need multiple people to agree on decrypting a file.

[–] cbarrick 11 points 6 months ago (2 children)

multiple people to agree on decrypting a file

For that, you would use Shamir's Secret Sharing algorithm rather than multiple encryption.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamir%27s_secret_sharing

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[–] [email protected] 2 points 6 months ago (1 children)

That's pretty nitty although you can always just partition a long key and distribute the partitions to the different people

[–] [email protected] 4 points 6 months ago

there's always more than one way to skin a rat

[–] [email protected] 2 points 6 months ago (1 children)

What circumstances would that be? I can't see the use case doe this, but I'm open to see how and when that would be needed.

[–] cbarrick 2 points 6 months ago

There's a Wikipedia article on multiple encryption that talks about this, but the arguments are not that compelling to me.

The main thing is mostly about protecting your data from flawed implementations. Like, AES has not been broken theoretically, but a particular implementation may be broken. By stacking implementations from multiple vendors, you reduce the chance of being exposed by a vulnerability in one of them.

That's way overkill for most businesses. That's like nation state level paranoia.

[–] theit8514 2 points 6 months ago (2 children)

Does cryptsetup/luks do that? I thought that was only software encryption.

[–] [email protected] 4 points 6 months ago

it depends if your hardware supports the algos that cryptsetup/luks use I guess....

[–] [email protected] 3 points 6 months ago

It does if the CPU supports it. Otherwise i/o would be stupidly slow, AES is expensive

[–] [email protected] 24 points 6 months ago (1 children)

top / bottom

( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)

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[–] [email protected] 21 points 6 months ago

Great! Although I think that security actually goes down that way. Something something about statistics. A crypto expert could probably explain that properly and we could pretend to understand it.

[–] [email protected] 20 points 6 months ago* (last edited 6 months ago) (1 children)

Of course, and you can also add on as many layers of LVM and MDADM as you'd like.

You can also do the same with disk images (including sparse images)

[–] [email protected] 10 points 6 months ago* (last edited 6 months ago)

Above and/or below LUKS!

So these days I use LVMRAID instead of mdraid. Underneath it uses mdraid but it's a bit easier to use since it's self-contained in LVM.

[–] [email protected] 10 points 6 months ago (1 children)

Might be a way to enforce multiple algorithms or enforce two factor unlocking (say TPM AND password).

[–] EpicFailGuy 4 points 6 months ago (2 children)

You guys are going to blow your top when you hear about DFC (Distributed Fragment Cryptography)

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[–] [email protected] 5 points 6 months ago (1 children)

If you think about, it makes sense, but I didn't know this! Really cool indeed - do you have any use case for that or you were just poking around?

[–] [email protected] 6 points 6 months ago (5 children)

I have an SSD and an HDD—I was considering on my next distro hop to put the root partition on the SSD and home partition on the HDD, decrypt the SSD and top level of the HDD upon boot, then decrypt the bottom level of the HDD upon user login. I'm sure many will think that's overkill or silly, but hey, if you have full disk encryption you'll have to enter two passwords to get into your computer anyway, just means your personal files get protected with two passwords. I would agree it's mostly gimmicky but I still want to try it out lol

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[–] [email protected] 3 points 6 months ago

Where's the ZFS love...

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