A place to share alternatives to popular online services that can be self-hosted without giving up privacy or locking you into a service you don't control.
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Debian. I don't see much benefit of Ubuntu LTS compared to plain old Debian. It's exactly what you wanted.
Alternatively, AlmaLinux is a good choice if you like Red Hat stuff (RHEL clone), but the difference between Ubuntu LTS and Debian would be almost not noticeable for you I think.
And I would agree. I've been using Debian on my VPS with docker-compose etc for years. Would recommend it, too. And it's pretty similar to what you have now. There isn't much needed to swich around or learn.
And it is the textbook example of a successful, community driven distro.
It seems to be the most logical move to go from Ubuntu to Debian indeed. As I understand it maintains the core Linux system as I have it now (systemd / apt / stable kernel) while truly community driven. I have to look into transitioning into the latest stable Debian release.
I mean it's not only alike what you're currently using... It's the foundation of Ubuntu. Lots of packages are exactly the same.
And I think you'll find something very similar, just with the stuff missing that Ubuntu added on top, and you don't like anyways.
Hope you can move you containers and volumes without too much effort. I mean since you're starting over anyways you could also pause for a minute and think if you want to recreate something similar or switch to something different. There are other containerization techniques, podman, systemd-nspawn, you could do your server in a declarative approach with NixOS... But if you like what you have now, and don't want to learn something entirely new, I'd say Debian is probably your solution.
“Ubuntu added on top” you mean Snap? No thanks :)
It's not the first strange decision they made. I think I finally switched from Ubuntu to Debian when they introduced the Amazon advertisements to the Unity desktop. That must have been 12.10 Quantal Quetzal. I've been happy since and didn't miss the odd business strategies they pushed in the time since...
The only thing you need to watch out is the kernel.
Debian stable is on a 2-year release cycle (odd years). LTS kernels are released once a year, but Debian needs time to test each release thoroughly so they use the LTS kernel from the previous year. This means that by the time the next stable Debian comes out the kernel will be 3 years old.
Example: Debian 11 released in 2021 with kernel 5.10 (from 2020). By the time Debian 12 released in 2023, kernel 5.10 was 3 years old.
You can of course use backports to get a newer kernel but using backports defeats the purpose of using Debian stable. So please think very carefully whether you need recent kernel support for anything.
Docker and ZFS are the usual suspects but they tend to support a pretty wide array of kernel versions so they should not be a problem. Especially since you can install them from 3rd party repos. But please understand that releases from external repos are, again, not tested with stable.
There are other things that may need kernel support, for example I use the Samba and NFS drivers from the kernel, which need userland packages as well, so in their case you definitely want to stick to the official stable packages.
If you can't live with old Debian kernels then stick to Ubuntu. There's no inherent problem with Ubuntu and given that you have experience with it it might actually be the ideal choice for you. There's no substitute for a distro you know very well.
Ah, that is a good point. I am using 6.5.0 kernel atm, as part of the HWE (hardware enablement) package, which supports QuckSync / hardware encoding of my 12th gen intel processor. I did a quick search, but did not find HWE for Debian is that correct?
HWE for Debian should be in the backports.
I haven't looked into it tbh, my Intel is 7th gen so I have no problem running with Debian's older kernel.
Debian has the advantage of not using snapd like Ubuntu does. You have to not only remove snaps but also instruct the package manager not you pull in snaps as dependencies and not to favor snap packages.
I have fond memories of Ubuntu being my first distro many years ago but pushing snaps onto users to compete with flatpak is a nuisance.
what even is the difference?
im using ubuntu rn, but need to redeploy and have been thinking of just switching away to debian.
Debian is community run, which often means all changes and features get implemented because the community wants that, not some corporation. One notable example of that is Snap.
Also, I found (minimal install) Debian a bit more minimalist than Ubuntu server, which is great imo. I just want the bare minimum for my services to work, and pretty much the only thing I expect from my server to have is SSH and Docker.
Debian
Debian
+1 for Debian, also CasaOS is like a single-command setup for docker and other features with a nice GUI.
Debian, set and forget.
Being a server you don't need the latest version of any software and Debian is timely in security patches.
use unattended-upgrades and forget about what is running your stuff.
Yes, I am running unattended-upgrades, and basically my current server is running 24/7 just fine! It is indeed like set and forget already. More reason to move to Debian!
Since you're already familiar with a debian based distro, switching to the OG debian would be an option.
For your use case, debian. Ubuntu is based on it, it's stable, it'll feel like home.
I personally use Gentoo (since you asked what we all use), but based on your reqs, you wouldn't wanna use it. And I'm probably in the minority anyways.
If you're using containers for everything anyways, the distro you use doesn't much matter.
If Ubuntu works for you and switching away would mean significant effort, I see no reason to switch outside of curiosity.
debian. stable, reliable, easy to learn
OpenSUSE MicroOS or Fedora CoreOS. If you'll be using containers you'll have a great time. If you don't want to deal with transactional systems, then there is literally nothing I'd rather use than Debian.
Debian, all the way. I've got both ubuntu (made by my predecessor) and debian servers at work, and as far as maintenance and administration, they're more or less identical. The one thing that sometimes catches me off-guard is that sudo is not installed by default, and you have to su - into a root session.
I have Debian for some time and am quite happy. İt is slow with updates but very stable.
Personally I prefer Rocky linux. Default to using SElinux which I also like. not a big fan of debian though as things are quite old and sometimes outdated for my needs.
Does someone use nixOS? How does that hold up for this usecase?
I wouldn’t specifically say nixOS is stable in the same sense debian is but yes, it can totally handle this use case. I mainly run k8s on it, but a few home machines run docker (or, rather, podman) containers.
A thing about nixOS is that quite often you won’t need containers at all and would be better off without them, managing your apps as part of the system state as a whole. I only do that because I can’t be bothered to properly switch to nixOS services for ELK (which is supported by nixOS).
It's a very stable solution in general and usually ends with a configuration that either doesn’t apply at all or applies with no issues. Gitops included for pretty much free. It requires understanding nix, and it can be tricky, but not overly tricky.
All and all I haven’t had an Ubuntu in homelab for two years now and can’t be happier about that.
Still a few Ubuntu Server stragglers here and there, but it works quite well as long as you keep your base config fairly lean and push the complexity into the containers.
Documentation tends to be either good or nonexistent depending on what you're doing, so for anything beyond standard configuration but it can usually be pieced together from ArchWiki and the systemd docs.
All in all, powerful and repeatable (and a lot less tedious than Ansible, etc), but perhaps not super beginner-friendly once you start getting into the weeds. Ubuntu Server is just better documented and supported if you need something super quick and easy.
I prefer Fedora Server. It comes with a lot of nice integrations into more enterprise/centralized Linux administration and management tools. A lot of these are FOSS so if you like infrastructure, this is a really good way to take an easy step up.
Unraid is the GOAT when it comes to being headless for docker. They know how to walk the fine line of "this is too much. It's bloat," and "this is minimal and bare bones." I seriously can't hype them enough, and can't do justice to describing their ease of use.
I also moved to Debian after years of using Ubuntu Server LTS. No problem so far on those servers for container workloads, the small ones run docker compose, the medium ones run k3s, and a small cluster runs rke2.
Since you run everything in docker, I guess you have experienced the benefits of containerization. So why not leverage that for your host too?
Fedora IoT is a container-based host that runs on your hardware, with a focus on edge device deployment.
https://fedoraproject.org/iot/ I have it running on two servers as well, and it works great. The only thing I changed is that I layered docker on it instead of using podman, because at the time I had trouble getting my reverse proxy working properly over ipv6
Debian. I was in a similar boat to OP and just a couple weeks ago migrated my almost 8-year-old home server setup from Ubuntu LTS to Debian Stable. Decided to finally move away from Ubuntu because I never cared for snap (had to keep removing it with every upgrade) and gradually gained a few smaller issues with Ubuntu. Seems good to me so far.
I considered RHEL/Rocky but decided against them largely because I wanted btrfs for my rootfs, which their stock kernel doesn't have, though I use a few Red Hat developed tools like podman and cockpit. Fedora Server and the like have too fast a release lifecycle for my liking, though I use Fedora for my desktop. That left Debian as the one remaining obvious choice.
I also briefly considered throwing a Debian VM into TrueNAS Scale, since I also use this system as a ZFS NAS, but setting that up felt like I was fighting against the "appliance" nature of what TrueNAS tries to be.
As everyone said, debian. I use it for my mail server, the docker server, podman server, matrix, headscale. On docker I also have nvidia drivers for hardware video decoding in jellyfin.
Something headless for just running containers? Alpine.
It’s small, boots fast, simple, can run from RAM and Docker is available in its software repository.
I use ubuntu because my provider has that by default. It's not my favourite distro these days, but gets the job done.
My 4 host machines run debian (proxmox). I have a lot of different guest flavors running though, debian, fedora, rocky, one old guest still running Ubuntu and even a mint sandbox machine.
I probably have a bit more complicated self host than others because I am using it both for my useful internal services (jellyfin, git, pihole, etc.) I also run a whole lot of services for learning, such as kubernetes and dns. Plus a whole lot of other mostly useless stuff that I only use to test different architectures or automations that come in handy as an SRE.
Fedora Server, Rocky Linux, and/or Free RHEL dev license. That's what I use for all of my stuff.
For containers I use podman kube. For storage I use ZFS and VDO.
debian\ubuntu vm on proxmox. Then you can snapshot the whole deal and take easy backups of everything using proxmox backup server.
Acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations, contractions, and other phrases which expand to something larger, that I've seen in this thread:
| Fewer Letters | More Letters |
|---|---|
| Git | Popular version control system, primarily for code |
| IoT | Internet of Things for device controllers |
| LTS | Long Term Support software version |
| LXC | Linux Containers |
| NAS | Network-Attached Storage |
| NUC | Next Unit of Computing brand of Intel small computers |
| SSH | Secure Shell for remote terminal access |
| VPS | Virtual Private Server (opposed to shared hosting) |
| ZFS | Solaris/Linux filesystem focusing on data integrity |
| k8s | Kubernetes container management package |
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