“Robert Card had evidence of traumatic brain injury. In the white matter, the nerve fibers that allow for communication between different areas of the brain, there was significant degeneration, axonal and myelin loss, inflammation, and small blood vessel injury,” lead author Ann McKee said in a statement issued by the family and the Concussion Legacy Foundation.
The family apologized for the attack and said they hoped that publicizing the findings of the scan might help “prevent future tragedies.”
The findings align with previous studies on the effects of blast injuries, McKee said. Card was a firearms instructor and worked at an Army hand grenade training range, where he may have been exposed to thousands of blasts, the statement said.
“While I cannot say with certainty that these pathological findings underlie Mr. Card’s behavioral changes in the last 10 months of life, based on our previous work, brain injury likely played a role in his symptoms,” she continued.
e; on the subject of soldiers getting TBIs from blasts during training, it's still a big problem as of November 2023
Special Operations troops were training with rocket launchers again.
Each operator held a launch tube on his shoulder, a few inches from his head, then took aim and sent a rocket flying at 500 miles an hour. And each launch sent a shock wave whipping through every cell in the operator’s brain.
For generations, the military assumed that this kind of blast exposure was safe, even as evidence mounted that repetitive blasts may do serious and lasting harm.
In recent years, Congress, pressed by veterans who were exposed to these shock waves, has ordered the military to set safety limits and start tracking troops’ exposure. In response, the Pentagon created a sprawling Warfighter Brain Health Initiative to study the issue, gather data and propose corrective strategies. And last year, for the first time, it set a threshold above which a weapon blast is considered hazardous.
Despite the order, though, things have hardly changed on the ground. Training continues largely as it did before. Troops say they see little being done to limit or track blast exposure. And weapons like shoulder-fired rockets that are known to deliver a shock wave well above the safety threshold are still in wide use.
The disconnect fits a pattern that has repeated for more than a decade: Top leaders talk of the importance of protecting troops’ brains, but the military fails to take practical steps to ensure safety.
That's pretty much it, yup. Think about it this way, if you can feel rhe blast it moved some of your cells. If you feel the blast right through you it moved, and possibly damaged, cells right through you, including in your brain. As we're learning from TBIs in sport, sometimes just one hit is enough to do permenant damage. From other sources I've read, it does seem to take a lot of blasts, but no one's actually sure as it hasn't been studied properly.
Do you know why fundamentally it would be different with sound? If a shock wave is enough to damage cell structures, surely loud music would as well, no?
Music has nowhere near the same 'impulse'. The shockwave from an explosion has the presure jump from atmospheric to massive in an incredibly short timeframe, before falling back over maybe a few tens of milliseconds. It's this sharp transition that's likely to be causing the damage, but as I said, there's not enough research in the area.
Interestingly I've just come across a https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5483448/ showing DNA and structural damage to the brain from exposure to loud noise, so it's not just blasts that'll do it.
We're really only just starting to realise all the ways we can damage our brains, I suspect there is a lot more surprising science to come.
Interesting. I know very little about fluid dynamics. This paper is also right in the vein of what I was thinking about. I spent a lot of my youth skanking and raving and a lot of my adult life... also skanking and raving. I have probably done a shit ton of damage to myself.