At a bare minimum you need a complex database structure to support products, stocks, orders plus the pages for browsing, searching, shopping, ordering, tracking, then you need user accounts, integrations with payments and shipping, a transactional email service etc.

Well, sure. You'll also need a filesystem to run it all on, cache memory with LRU replacement, a router, power and air conditioning, and lots of other stuff. The question was, what's an easy way to do all that that's ready to run. I've set up a couple different e-commerce sites on Wordpress and it's easy and flexible; everything you listed does need to happen, but it's behind the scenes of the plugin installation. I genuinely don't know of a turnkey solution that's easier, although I'm happy to hear about them.

I mean, Wordpress started as a blog. Linux started as a terminal emulator. The question is how well does its current state fit the current task at hand.

There are WordPress plugins that attempt it

Why do you say "attempt"?

it’s usually more for people who use it mainly as a blog/CMS and want to sell a couple of things on the side

So, I run a dedicated site that sells a few thousand items based on Wordpress+Woocommerce; it's basically a hobby, but if I wanted to be serious about driving sales one of the most important things would be the ability to customize landing pages, test out different layouts, make changes, etc... basically, the ability for the software to function as a CMS would be key to what I would want. Being "primarily" a CMS product with selling products as secondary, for me, works better than the other way around (primarily a product-listing-and-selling software with editing pages and layouts as secondary).

I wouldn’t use them for a large shop.

Depends what you mean by "large." Performance is probably the biggest issue that would make me hesitate to go for Wordpress+Woocommerce beyond a certain scale, but as I say I'm running a moderate-scale e-commerce site on Wordpress right now and I've generally been very happy with its tradeoff of "ease of setup" vs "customizability and extensibility for fancy stuff" vs cost.

Wordpress is the most beginner-friendly solution I know of in terms of fitting together nicely and smoothly. If you're doing it on your own server, you will have to do the Wordpress install yes, but that's true of any solution you pursue, and once the base is in it's very easy to add e-commerce functionality. There are a ton of Youtube tutorials that show the process in varying levels of detail, but this one shows a streamlined way to actually install and set up the Woocommerce plugin. You will have to enter products and etc, but actually installing the plugin is literally about a 30-second process.

I generally like to talk it up just because Wordpress is generally my go-to for easy setup of a new web site, whether or not it involves e-commerce; it's easy and well-supported and dedicated Wordpress hosting is probably some of the cheapest types of hosting you'll be able to find on the internet. That tutorial I linked about likes Bluehost; personally I prefer Tigertech but the point is there are easy and cheap options.

I'm happy to answer questions or help; I've set up a few different little amateur-mode e-commerce sites on Wordpress and I don't know of any easier solution.