this post was submitted on 10 Oct 2023
50 points (96.3% liked)

Linux

48655 readers
479 users here now

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.

Rules

Related Communities

Community icon by Alpár-Etele Méder, licensed under CC BY 3.0

founded 5 years ago
MODERATORS
 

How do you guys quickly sync your settings (especially bash aliases and ssh keys) across your machines?

Ideally i want a simple script to run on every new server I work with. Any suggestions?

all 47 comments
sorted by: hot top controversial new old
[–] baronvonj 45 points 1 year ago (3 children)

I suggest you don't sync SSH keys. That's just increasing the blast radius of any one of those machines being compromised.

[–] RegalPotoo 10 points 1 year ago

Exactly this. Don't move private keys between machines. Generate them where you need them, it's not like they cost anything

[–] [email protected] 3 points 1 year ago (1 children)

I mean, you want to copy the public keys that represents your machines, right?

[–] baronvonj 4 points 1 year ago

Fair point, but I would equate that with syncing the authorized_keys file rather than thinking about how to sync the keys.

[–] wmassingham 2 points 1 year ago (2 children)

Right. Use some kind of centralized authentication like freeipa.

For bash aliases, I just pull down a .bashrc from github gists.

[–] PHLAK 10 points 1 year ago (2 children)

OP should just generate a unique SSH key per device (+ user).

[–] [email protected] 4 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Agreed. I’ve probably got 100 keys registered with GitHub and 98 of them the private key is long destroyed due to OS reinstalls or whatnot. Format machine, new key. New machine, new key.

[–] PHLAK 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

FYI: You can remove the old keys from GitHub.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago

I like to save them for a rainy day when I need an OCD fix.

[–] dm_me_your_feet 2 points 1 year ago

I d rather have 2 to 3 (for critical, mid, and test systems) ssh keys that are regularly rotated than 1 key per machine. I m not gonna balance 50 ssh keys; neither enter my password every time i jump hosts.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago

Is the url is easy to rember?

[–] [email protected] 18 points 1 year ago (2 children)

Dotfiles go in git, SSH keys are state.

I'm looking to migrate to home-manager though because I use Nix on all my devices anyways.

[–] [email protected] 4 points 1 year ago

Home manager is great

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

I also have multiple versions of by bash_profile with syntax specific to the OS. It checks if we're on MacOS or Linux with a kernel check and then reads the appropriate ancillary bash_profile for that platform. Anything that can live in the main bash_profile with the same command on both platforms lives there and anything that needs to be system-specific is in the other one.

I have all my important functions as individual files that get loaded with the following:

function loadfuncs() {
	local funcdir="$HOME/.dotfiles/functions/"
	[ -e "${funcdir}".DS_Store ] && rm "$HOME/.dotfiles/functions/.DS_Store"
	local n=0

	for i in "${funcdir}"*; do
		source "$(realpath $i)"
		n=$(( n + 1 ))
	done
}
loadfuncs

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Interesting way to go about it. Though when I'm at the point where I need differences between linux and darwin, I'm probably going to do that at the home-manager level.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Just for fun, here's how I'm checking that (this was written in 2016 and may require adjusting as I haven't been keeping up on Linux for a while):

function oscheck() {
	if [[ "$(uname -s)" == 'Darwin' ]]; then

		# echo Darwin
		osType=Darwin
		return 0

	elif
		[[ "$(uname -s)" == 'Linux' ]]; then

		# echo Linux
		osType=Linux

		grep CentOS /etc/os-release > /dev/null
		if [[ "$?" == 0 ]]; then
		    # echo "CentOS"
		    export theDistro=CentOS
		    return 0
		else
			:
		fi

		grep Ubuntu /etc/os-release > /dev/null
		if [[ "$?" == 0 ]]; then
		    export theDistro=Ubuntu
		    return 0
		else
			:
			# echo "Not Ubuntu"
		fi

		printf "  %s\n" "Error: osType tested true for Linux, but did not find CentOS or Ubuntu." ""
		return 1

	else
		osType=Unknown
		return 1
	fi
}
oscheck
[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Checking for Ubuntu or CentOS is a tad limiting given the amount of distros there are ;)

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago

Yeah, but those were the two I was using. I didn't mean to suggest that the code, as is, was correct for everyone. ;-)

[–] [email protected] 16 points 1 year ago (2 children)

I'm surprised no one mentioned ansible yet. It's meant for this (and more).

By ssh keys I assume you're talking about authorized_keys, not private keys. I agree with other posters that private keys should not be synced, just generate new ones and add them to the relevant servers authorized_keys with ansible.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 year ago

I use Ansible for this as well. It's great. I encrypt secrets with Ansible vault and then use it to set keys, permissions, config files, etc. across my various workstations. Makes setup and troubleshooting a breeze.

[–] dinosaurdynasty 2 points 1 year ago (1 children)

If the keys are password protected.... eh why not sync them.

Also ssh certificates are a thing, they make doing that kind of stuff way easier instead of updating known hosts and authorized keys all the time

[–] ouch 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Passwords will be brute forced if it can be done offline.

Private SSH keys should never leave a machine. If a key gets compromised without you knowing, in worst case you will revoke the access it has once the machine's lifespan is over. If you copy around one key, it may get compromised on any of the systems, and you will never revoke the access it has.

And you may not want to give all systems the same access everywhere. With one key per machine, you can have more granularity for access.

[–] dinosaurdynasty 1 points 1 year ago

Passwords will be brute forced if it can be done offline.

Set a good high entropy password, you can even tie it to your login password with ssh-agent usually

Private SSH keys should never leave a machine.

If this actually matters, put your SSH key on a yubikey or something

If a key gets compromised without you knowing, in worst case you will revoke the access it has once the machine’s lifespan is over.

People generally don't sit on keys, this is worthless. Also knowing people I've worked with... no, they won't think to revoke it unless forced to

and you will never revoke the access it has.

Just replace the key in authorized_keys and resync

And you may not want to give all systems the same access everywhere

One of the few reasons to do this, though this tends to not match "one key per machine" and more like "one key per process that needs it"

Like yeah, it's decent standard advice... for corporate environments with many users. For a handful of single-user systems, it essentially doesn't matter (do you have a different boot and login key for each computer lol, the SSH keys are not the weak point)

[–] [email protected] 11 points 1 year ago (1 children)
[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 year ago

+1 this, it is amazing. The scripting features are the cherry on top.

[–] [email protected] 9 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

On my devices like PCs, laptops or phones, syncthing syncs all my .rc files, configs, keys, etc.

For things like servers, routers, etc. I rely on OpenSSH's ability to send over environmental variables to send my aliases and functions.
On the remote I have
[ -n "$SSH_CONNECTION" ] && eval "$(echo "$LC_RC" | { { base64 -d || openssl base64 -d; } | gzip -d; } 2>/dev/null)"
in whatever is loaded when I connect (.bashrc, usually)
On the local machine
alias ssh="$([ -z "$SSH_CONNECTION" ] && echo 'LC_RC=$(gzip < ~/.rc | base64 -w 0)') ssh'

That's not the best way to do that by any means (it doesn't work with dropbear, for example), but for cases like that I have other non-generic, one-off solutions.

[–] [email protected] 8 points 1 year ago (2 children)
[–] [email protected] 3 points 1 year ago

I love this solution, I've been using it for years. I had previously just been using the home directory is a git repo approach, and it never quite felt natural to me and came with quite a few annoyances. Adding stow to the mix was exactly what I needed.

[–] Anonymouse 1 points 1 year ago

This is the only answer for me. Bonus points if your .login file does a background git pull.

[–] [email protected] 8 points 1 year ago

Syncthing. If you want flatpak, syncthingy.

Its simply best, does all the annoying background things like webUI, machines, versioning, verifying etc. If you disable global discovery you can use it tough LAN only

[–] [email protected] 7 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Have you considered a shared folder with Syncthing?

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

That my solution. I have a 'Sync' folder on every device's Home folder, and then I use some aliases to determine whether to grab the bash_aliases file or replace it:

  • alias dba='diff -s ~/.bash_aliases ~/Sync/.bash_aliases' # compare files
  • alias s2ba='cp ~/Sync/.bash_aliases ~/' # Push from Sync folder to current bash aliases
  • alias ba2s='cp ~/.bash_aliases ~/Sync/' # Push from current bash aliases to Sync folder

By far, the diff alias is the most used. It allows for a quick check on what is different between files w/o having to open them up

[–] [email protected] 7 points 1 year ago (2 children)
[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

Yet Another Stow-Based Dotfile Sync Manager

yas-bdsm

[–] jelloeater85 1 points 1 year ago

I use it with GitHub, works amazing on multiple boxes, OSX and Linux. For SSH keys, just use KeePassXC and SyncThing.

[–] [email protected] 6 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (1 children)

I use a git repo combined with the basic install utility. Clone the repo, run the app installer, then run the install script. For symlinks I just use a zsh script.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago

Thanks that's a good idea.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 1 year ago (1 children)
[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 year ago

I like this approach. Had never heard of those solutions. Thanks!

[–] [email protected] 4 points 1 year ago

I keep my dotfiles in a got repo and just do a git pull your update them. That could definitely be a cron job if you needed.

SSH keys are a little trickier. I’d like to tell you I have a unique key for each of my desktop machines since that would be best practice, but that’s not the case. Instead I have a Syncthing shared folder. When I get around to cleaning that up, I’ll probably do just that and keep an authorize_keys and known_hosts file in git so I can pull them to needed hosts and a cron job to keep them updated.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 1 year ago

ssh keys go into my keepass db, keepassxc imports them into gpg agent or ssh agent. Bash aliases and so on are in my dotfiles

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 year ago (1 children)

My solution is not ideal:

I created a directory, called ~/config_sync. I create sym links for config files, like ~/.bashtc to ~/config_sync/bashrc

However, I need to record the sym links I've created, and repeat this process on new machines

[–] [email protected] 3 points 1 year ago

Look into using GNU stow! It's exactly what you're doing but it creates the symlinks for you.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 year ago

Use a git repo and stow tool. For updating, you only need run git pull (and stow if you create config for a new software). If you modify some config, just git add && git commit && git push.
With this way, you can also record change history of your config.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 year ago

Several good suggestions on here already. Home manager might be another approach.

[–] dinckelman 1 points 1 year ago

1password does this for me, when it comes to ssh keys, and it's great. All I have to do on a new machine is setup the ssh-agent, which is also practically preconfigured. The actual key never leaves the password manager