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This is really cool.
Basically, these are a bunch of burnt scrolls. When you try to open, they're just carbon and they crumble really easily.
The AI was trained on some of the ruined fragments, then the intact scrolls were scanned, and the AI is able to decipher spots that were basically "differently wrinkly" because of the organic ink that had been used on top of the papyrus, which caused it to wrinkle a bit differently when burnt.
So in this case, the AI actually helps us read scrolls that would be destroyed if a human were to try to pick apart the burnt remnants.
This whole thing is significant because this library of burnt scrolls might have original writing by both known and unknown authors from that period.
There's a lot of classical works we only know of because other writers referenced them. The originals are lost, and the citations are the only remains. Also, some works we only know because scribes copied and re-copied books over the centuries to preserve them. And with copying and re-copying, mistakes or changes might happen.
It's possible in this library of burnt scrolls that we might find an original uncopied/unaltered work so we can compare the ancient version of it with versions copied and re-copied over centuries, or a work that we know from citations but don't have an actual copy of.
It's really exciting.
AI has been really exciting in general where it comes to deciphering lots of old text. Personally, I'm waiting for tons of unread/unstudied cuneiform tablets to be scanned/auto-translated, because even if the AI has some errors, being able to text-search in English (or whatever language) for certain keywords will make it easier to realize one of those unstudied tablets might hold something unusual or interesting. Basically, it'd give an easier way to triage which ones might be useful for an actual human to study.
To piggy back on this, there are a lot of groups that the only things we know about them is from what their adversaries wrote about them. These are obviously not truly reliable sources. We're not there yet but I imagine this is what it must have been like when the Nag Hammadi collection was found in the 40s.