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You can still approach the story on its own terms. If we said Captain Sisko drank tea rather than Raktajino, it'd still be wrong, even though Sisko and Raktajino don't actually exist.
There is a original writer on startrek. They could recon Sisco to a tea lover tomorrow. The Bible is more like meme history, there is no regulating mechanism other than popularity. If you made the apple a banana tomorrow and most people agreed, it would be a banana and you would be right.
That's more of a cultural thing, and one that I have broader things to say in terms of how copyright law has altered our culture.
Fantasy stories come from pre-copyright sources. Greek gods, elves, mermaids, etc. were all folk tales that developed without anyone caring about ownership. If the term "canon" meant anything at all, it was because the community accepted a certain set of stories by consensus. Biblical canon was done that way. Even this tends to be a written culture thing; oral cultures have a much more fluid understanding, and care less about consistency.
When copyright comes along, you start having big corporations controlling canon. We tend to only accept Star Trek things from Paramount as canon, and even that has limits; Star Trek comics and novels aren't usually canon, even though Paramount licenses them.
Lord of the Rings will be copyright-free in about 20 years. It itself borrowed a lot from those pre-copyright folk tales. I'd be interested to see if the community starts to come to a new consensus on stories from new authors becoming LotR canon.
if you believe they will let it go. Tons of stuff hasnt made its way to the public domain, its all corrupt.
Not sure what you mean. If you mean they're going to change the law again to extend copyright, note that Disney didn't even try for Steamboat Willy. I made that argument 5 years prior to it going public domain that Disney wouldn't bother, and it was already too late to push it through. People still told me there would be some big secret push to get it through Congress. They kept making that argument until literally the week before, when Congress was already out of session for the holidays. It didn't happen, and Steamboat Willy hit public domain.
They don't seem to have the stomach to continue indefinite extensions. Current copyright terms are probably as far as they go.
I'm not arguing for or against, just saying that there is no path on deciding what the author meant because we don't even know who wrote it and they are long dead anyway. And there is nothing to study in nature because it was all fiction.
What the author "meant" is vastly overrated. The author is dead is sometimes more literal than other times.
We can pull information out of the text on its own. We can get cultural context to see how they would approach it. In OP's case of the apple, we know that the term "apple" was a generic term for fruit for much of English history (and still is in some other European languages). We also know that what we call apple trees now don't grow in that region, and therefore, it's almost certainly not that kind of apple.