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You don't want hardware raid. Some options you can research:
Some OS options to consider:
There are probably other software/OS's to consider, but those are the ones I have any experience with. I personally use ZFS on Truenas with a lot of help from this YouTube channel. https://youtube.com/@lawrencesystems?si=O1Z4BuEjogjdsslF
Ditto on hardware raid. Adding a hardware controller just inserts a potentially catastrophic point of failure. With software raid and raid-likes, you can probably recover/rebuild, and it's not like the overhead is the big burden it was back in the 90s.
I got a server from ewaste because the RAID card did fail and having SAS drives they couldn't even pull data from it with anything else. It was the domain controller and NAS so as you can imagine, very disruptive to the business. As they should they had an offsite backup of the system and so we just restored onto a gaming PC as a temporary solution until we moved them to M365 instead.
I just use software RAID on it now and so far so good for about 180 days.
Bruh are you telling me they only had a single DC?
You need a minimum of two.
Also putting general storage on a DC is a really bad idea. The VM or machine running ADDS should run exclusively ADDS (and required services like DNS)
This all happened two weeks before I started, so I don't know the exact details. If it was set up the way I think it was, I'd say yes, the DC was in it's own VM and then a separate VM would've been used as a NAS. Of course being hardware RAID the whole host server went down when that card failed.
They probably didn't have a second DC set up due to the DEFCON 5 levels of "We can't work!"
They were ultimately planning on going to the cloud anyway from what I heard and that catastrophe just accelerated that plan ahead
Just want to mention that TrueNAS is FOSS and unRAID is not. And I wouldn't necessarily say that unRAID is much easier.
Since OP wants to use Docker i would not recommend either. Trunas scale does not support it usefully and the implementation in Unraid is also weird. Also the main benefit of unraid is the mixing of drives, OP wants to raid.
TrueNAS Scale will have Docker in the next release in August, along with the ability to expand Vdevs.
I am aware of vdev expansion since i am following it closely but not heard about docker support, thanks for that new, i will read into it. Would be actually a game changer for a project i am planning.
https://forums.truenas.com/t/the-future-of-electric-eel-and-apps/5409
I'm not the best person to explain the how or why but they are looking at Q3 for beta and Q4 for main release.
I'm running Immich, Nextcloud and Jellyfin on TNS and it's fine. Nextcloud takes a bit of work though.
I would add LVM to the list of software raids, and remove btrfs as poorly engineered.