I think the first decision to make is pre built vs DIY. The most common pre built solution would be something like Synology. You may start researching there and see if that would fit your needs, or what people do as alternatives.
I personally built one with a similar use case and use Unraid for my OS. The other normal option is TrueNAS.
With that budget you'll be able to get a good result.
I think the confusing part is that Jewish is considered by most people to be both a religion and an ethnicity.