Corbin

Nah, you're just not good with maths. Programming languages are mathematical objects and denotational semantics is merely treating languages as categories and looking for functors leading out of them.

Semantics was originally studied as model theory, and today is phrased with category theory. You use this every day when you imagine what a program does in terms of machine effects.

Incorrect. The hidden gold is Factor. You were close!

Extension modules are implemented in C because the interpreter is written in C. If it were written in another language, folks would write extension modules for that language instead. Also, it would be less relevant if people used portable C bindings like cffi, which are portable to PyPy and other interpreters… but they don't.

At some point, reading kernel code is easier than speculating. The answer is actually 3. there are multiple semantics for filesystems in the VFS layer of the kernel. For example, XFS is the most prominent user of the "async" semantics; all transactions in XFS are fundamentally asynchronous. By comparison, something like ext4 uses the "standard" semantics, where actions are synchronous. These correspond to filling out different parts of the VFS structs and registering different handlers for different actions; they might as well be two distinct APIs. It is generally suspected that all filesystem semantics are broken in different ways.

Also, "hobby" is the wrong word; the lieutenant doing the yelling is paid to work on Linux and Debian. There are financial aspects to the situation; it's not solely politics or machismo, although those are both on display.

Watch the video. Wedson is being yelled at by Ted Ts'o. If the general doesn't yell, but his lieutenants yell, is that really progress? I will say that last time I saw Linus, he was very quiet and courteous, but that likely was because it was early morning and the summit-goers were starting to eat breakfast and drink their coffee.

How much more? When it comes to whether I'd write GPU drivers for money, I can tell you that LF doesn't pay enough, Collabora doesn't pay enough, Red Hat doesn't pay enough, and Google illegally depressed my salary. Due to their shitty reputation, Apple, Meta, or nVidia cannot pay enough. And AMD only hires one open-source developer every few years. Special shoutout to Intel, who is too incompetent to consider as an employer.

I want to run PipeWire as a system user and have multiple login users access it. My current hack is to run it as one login user and then do something like:

export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1001

Where 1001 is the user ID. Is there a cleaner approach?

This is basically what you said here, and it's still wrong: social dynamics, not money, is the main reason why young hackers (don't) work on Linux. I'm starting to suspect that you've not hacked kernel before.

Well, I don't want to pull the kernel-hacker card, but it sounds like you might not have experienced being yelled at by Linus during a kernel summit. It's not fun and not worth the money. Also it's well-known that LF can't compete with e.g. Collabora or Red Hat on salary, so the only folks who stick around and focus on Linux infrastructure for the sake of Linux are bureaucrats, in the sense of Pournelle's Iron Law of Bureaucracy.

I already helped build a language Monte based on Python and E. Guido isn't invited, because he doesn't understand capabilities; I've had dinner with him before, and he's a nice guy but not really deep into theory.

Sounds like it's time to start training code-writing models on leaked Microsoft source code. Don't worry, it's not like it'll "emit memorized code".