You've basically built a new computer; generally that means a new license. There's still a few things you could try though:
- Undo your changes and remake them individually with a little bit of time between each change (this is basically what you did on your first PC)
- Try the activation process and let them know it's the same PC, just with some hardware upgrades. I've had success reassigning an OEM key before using the telephone method.
- Buy a new (non-oem) license and register it with your account (I think you can have up to 5 licenses registered this way then you can pretty much arbitrarily revoke and reassign it among your future computers without hassle)
- Run the activator script
MS is generally pretty flexible regarding personal licenses and use. As long as you aren't trying to run the same license on multiple machines you should be fine. What you can't do is move the license from the OEM machine to your new custom build and expect the OEM machine to remain licensed.