Hi /c/vegan,
I'm a baby "vegan", just started about a month ago. I started watching the YouTuber MicTheVegan as my main influence.
I've been really working on and developing my belief system. The issue is, my belief system so far, while it is like 97% consistent with veganism, does have some conflicts with veganism, and I think some people would say that I can't call myself a vegan because of that.
Basically, I think it's too broad to simply lump all animals into one category and say that any at all exploitation of them is wrong. Instead, I like taking a very scientific approach about what we know about different animals' cognitive and emotional abilities, and perhaps prioritize different groups of animals differently.
While I'm still developing my belief systems, here's a basic rundown of it:
Tier 1: Primates, cetaceans (whales, dolphins), elephants, certain bird species (corvids, parrots), octopuses
These animals are highly intelligent and should never be exploited for any manner. They should not be kept as pets or in zoos (I suppose exceptions for if an animal is injured beyond repair).
Tier 2: Domesticated mammals (dogs, cats), farm animals (pigs, cows), other bird species, certain fish species (cleaner wrasse, groupers)
The only difference between these animals and tier 1 animals, is that I believe they can be kept in captivity (pets or in zoos). However, they need to be kept up to really high standards. They need a lot of space and a lot of enrichment. Yes, I currently believe that most people who keep dogs as pets do not treat them well enough, but I also believe that if you do treat them well that it is okay.
Tier 3: Reptiles, amphibians, remaining fish species.
The only difference between these animals and tier 2 animals is that I think the standard for keeping them in captivity can be slightly lowered. I say this as a reptile lover, I have a couple lizards as pets. These animals still need very high standards for treatment, but I believe it's okay to keep them in "cages" (really terrariums and aquariums). Basically, the science we have says that these animals just don't need the same level as enrichment. Some lizards will literally sit in one spot for days. And yes, I highly believe that these animals are abused in reality. Many people keep these animals in far too small enclosures, among other problems.
The discussion of whether or not it's okay to breed these animals is highly nuanced, but I know with reptiles and amphibians, they really don't have any connection to their offspring so I don't think it's unethical to separate them. Some reptiles who lay eggs will even lay eggs regardless of if they are fertilized or not. I haven't made my mind up about it, but I think you could make an argument that you could ethically breed reptiles, maybe even argue that allowing them to breed let's them live a more natural life.
Tier 4: Insects, arachnids
Okay this is where a lot of vegans will lose me. These animals should absolutely never be tortured, but I personally think that they can be ethically farmed and consumed. I think these animals have simple enough brains that their quality of life when in a farmed environment really isn't that much different than their natural lives. I personally don't eat bugs, but I feed them to my lizards. That being said, I still think they deserve a decent amount of space, some enrichment, and a cruelty free life up until their death.
Tier 5: Bivalves (clams, mussels), annelids (earthworms), sponges.
Once again will get some hate for it, but these animals I also believe can be farmed and with even less consideration than the tier 4 animals. I don't really think these animals need any laws protecting them. They don't have central nervous systems.
Animal I'm not sure about: Crustaceans (somewhere between tier 3 and tier 4), Many fish species need more research (but I do standby that some fish, like carp and goldfish, belong in my tier 3).
I'm curious what other vegan's thoughts are about this. Can I not call myself a vegan because of this?
On my end I'm what you'd call a sentientist. My moral criteria is based around sentience ( yes sentience as almost anything is not an on off switch but more of a gradient). I think most people who call themselves vegan and fight for animal rights (as opposed to welfarism) adhere to the sentientism philosophical argument. (See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentiocentrism )
Many bivalves are probably not sentient ( think sponges) and I don't really care what happens to them like I don't care what happens to a rock. As they don't have a subjective experience nobody is there to be harmed.
However, insects are definitely believed to be sentient which is why I wont kill them when not needed. This means a mosquito "attacking" me will get slapped just as I would kill a tiger trying to eat me, but I won't eat insects as eating plants easily replaces it and plants are not sentient (even if they were, it's always better to eat them directly rather than feed them to animals and then eat them)
For example with your classification how would you deal with animals (human or nom-humans) with impairments that would put them at the level lower than their respective species? If your answer is to keep them in the same group as their species it's basically an indirect specist argument. If you agree to lower them in another category then this open the way to things that can look pretty disturbing to me. For example keeping certain humans in zoo.
Basically I believe every sentient beings should be afforded basic rights like the right not to be killed.
P.S. : I would strongly invite you to look at footage of how insects are raised when used for example as food source for humans and you'll see that it differs enormously to what their natural environment would look like.