this post was submitted on 21 Jun 2023
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Linux
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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2 GHz dual-core processor or better, 4 GB system memory, 25 GB of free hard drive space (per official documentation)
The main Ubuntu flavor is pretty heavy since it uses GNOME, you are better off running Lubuntu, Xubuntu or Ubuntu Mate. For very low end hardware you could use something like antiX.
I've never used Ubuntu, but I used Debian for a while and the Mate desktop and highly recommend Mate.
Ive used Lubuntu on old machines in the age range OP is asking and its great. Turns a 2011 Macbook into a functional machine, had what felt like out-of-the-box performance.
That being said, the best performance gains from laptops can honestly just be a good cleaning. Cat hair and dust in machines that are hot day 1 can add up and send your CPU into "please help me" mode.