this post was submitted on 03 Aug 2023
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No Stupid Questions

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submitted 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) by cll7793 to c/nostupidquestions
 

What concepts or facts do you know from math that is mind blowing, awesome, or simply fascinating?

Here are some I would like to share:

  • Gödel's incompleteness theorems: There are some problems in math so difficult that it can never be solved no matter how much time you put into it.
  • Halting problem: It is impossible to write a program that can figure out whether or not any input program loops forever or finishes running. (Undecidablity)

The Busy Beaver function

Now this is the mind blowing one. What is the largest non-infinite number you know? Graham's Number? TREE(3)? TREE(TREE(3))? This one will beat it easily.

  • The Busy Beaver function produces the fastest growing number that is theoretically possible. These numbers are so large we don't even know if you can compute the function to get the value even with an infinitely powerful PC.
  • In fact, just the mere act of being able to compute the value would mean solving the hardest problems in mathematics.
  • Σ(1) = 1
  • Σ(4) = 13
  • Σ(6) > 10^10^10^10^10^10^10^10^10^10^10^10^10^10^10 (10s are stacked on each other)
  • Σ(17) > Graham's Number
  • Σ(27) If you can compute this function the Goldbach conjecture is false.
  • Σ(744) If you can compute this function the Riemann hypothesis is false.

Sources:

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[–] [email protected] 17 points 1 year ago (3 children)

I think the four small countries inside would each only have 2 neighbours. So you could take 2 that are diagonal and make them the same colour.

[–] SgtAStrawberry 7 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Looks to be that way one of the examples given on the wiki page. It is still however an interesting theory, if four countries touching at a corner, are the diagonal countries neighbouring each other or not. It honestly feels like a question that will start a war somewhere at sometime, probably already has.

[–] [email protected] 14 points 1 year ago (1 children)

In graph theory there are vertices and edges, two shapes are adjacent if and only if they share an edge, vertices are not relevant to adjacency. As long as all countries subscribe to graph theory we should be safe

[–] SgtAStrawberry 4 points 1 year ago

The only problem with that it that it requires all countries to agree to something, and that seems to become harder and harder nowadays.

[–] Blyfh 3 points 1 year ago (2 children)

But each small country has three neighbors! Two small ones, and always the big donut country. I attached a picture to my previous comment to make it more clear.

[–] Pronell 2 points 1 year ago (1 children)

In your example the blue country could be yellow and that leaves the other yellow to be blue. Now no identical colors touch.

[–] wazoobonkerbrain 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

You still have two red countries touching each other, what are you talking about?

[–] Pronell 1 points 1 year ago

Oops I meant the red one goes blue.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Whoops I should've been clearer I meant two neighbours within the donut. So the inside ones could be 2 or 3 colours and then the donut is one of the other 2 or the 1 remaining colour.

[–] Blyfh 2 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (2 children)

You're right. Bad example from my side. But imagine this scenario:

[–] [email protected] 7 points 1 year ago (1 children)

That map is actually still quite similar to the earlier example where all 4 donut hole countries are the same. Once again on the right is the adjacency graph for the countries where I've also used a dashed line to show the only difference in adjacency.

[–] Blyfh 1 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Oh wow, now I feel dumb. Thanks.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 year ago

Feeling dumb is just the first step in learning something new

[–] neumast 2 points 1 year ago (1 children)

Make purple yellow and one of the reds purple.

[–] SuddenDownpour 1 points 1 year ago

...There is no purple though?

[–] ikilledlaurapalmer 3 points 1 year ago (2 children)

Ok now do this one. What color is the donut country?

[–] [email protected] 6 points 1 year ago

Someone beat me to it, so I thought I'd also include the adjacency graph for the countries, it can be easier to see the solution to colouring them.