It's my first time trying deployed science and I'm really not sure how it's supposed to work. The first one was really slow, so I deployed a second one (side note: are they supposed to duplicate infinitely? After I deployed the first one, my kerbin returned to the ship and then suddenly there was another one available?). It wasn't working, so I deployed a second solar panel (same deal with the duplication. I'm sure I only put one on the ship at launch). It still doesn't seem to be working.
Yeah I placed both experiments with a scientist and the control station & power with an engineer.
The guide linked in another comment says the range should be as much as 50 m, so I don't think range should be the issue? I could try moving it closer though.
I found this forum thread in which someone seems to have experienced exactly the same bug as me, in exactly the same circumstances.