this post was submitted on 13 Jan 2025
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What I know is that in medieval times gender roles were much more flexible and "undefined", and it was Enlightenment that pushed for strict categorization and definition of these things.
If you are thinking about that letter from Paul, I won't claim to know for sure, but it might have been a prohibition in a specific situation, as it's a personal letter, and in another Paul highly praises many female leaderships in church.
That doesn't match any scholarship I've read. Medieval Europe was a patriarchy in the classic sense. Woman were second class citizens.
https://thescholarship.ecu.edu/items/f84ef457-a230-4ba8-bddb-72a5982d5af2#:~:text=The%20Middle%20Ages%20is%20often,%2C%20fight%2C%20and%20work).
I'm no biblical scholar but it isn't just Paul. Here are some quotes:
"Women should remain silent in the churches. They are not allowed to speak, but must be in submission, as the law says." 1 Corinthians 14:34
"I do not permit a woman to teach or to assume authority over a man; she must be quiet." 1 Timothy 2:12
"For this is the way the holy women of the past who put their hope in God used to adorn themselves. They submitted themselves to their own husbands," 1 Peter 3:5
"To the woman he said, 'I will make your pains in childbearing very severe; with painful labor you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.'" Genesis 3:16
"Youths oppress my people, women rule over them. My people, your guides lead you astray; they turn you from the path." Isaiah 3:12