(The Egyptians invented the pulley, incidentally.)
this post was submitted on 09 Jul 2024
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And as we know, Egyptians and much of the Ancient Semitic lands were advanced. All those empires didn't fail because they were stupid societies, it was usually conquering armies, plagues, or a string of terrible leaders. The sciences held strong though, especially leading in mathematics and astronomy up until only recent—relative to how far back were looking.
Ancient Egypt specifically fell because of Rome, but it had a much better time at the early middle ages than a lot of other former roman provinces.
It had been conquered by Alexander the great and ruled by Greeks for 300 years before that. And Alexander the great had conquered it from the Persians.
It was part of the Roman empire up until the 7th century when it was conquered by the Islamic Caliphate. During the Roman period it was the richest province in the Empire and pretty much funded the whole thing. It was also a personal possession of the Emperor due to its riches.