root

In this tutorial, we will explore how to use sed (stream editor) with examples in the Markdown language. sed is a powerful command-line tool for text manipulation and is widely used for tasks such as search and replace, line filtering, and text transformations. What is described below barely scratches the surface what sed can do.

Table of Contents

1. Installing Sed
2. Basic Usage
3. Search and Replace
4. Deleting Lines
5. Inserting and Appending Text
6. Transformations
7. Working with Files
8. Conclusion

1. Installing Sed

Before we begin, make sure sed is installed on your system. It usually comes pre-installed on Unix-like systems (e.g., Linux, macOS). To check if sed is installed, open your terminal and run the following command:

sed --version

If sed is not installed, you can install it using your package manager. For example, on Ubuntu or Debian-based systems, you can use the following command:

sudo apt-get install sed

2. Basic Usage

To use sed, you need to provide it with a command and the input text to process. The basic syntax is as follows:

sed 'command' input.txt

Here, 'command' represents the action you want to perform on the input text. It can be a search pattern, a substitution, or a transformation. input.txt is the file containing the text to process. If you omit the file name, sed will read from the standard input.

3. Search and Replace

One of the most common tasks with sed is search and replace. To substitute a pattern with another in Markdown files, use the s command. The basic syntax is:

sed 's/pattern/replacement/' input.md

For example, to replace all occurrences of the word "apple" with "orange" in input.md, use the following command:

sed 's/apple/orange/' input.md

4. Deleting Lines

You can also delete specific lines from a Markdown file using sed. The d command is used to delete lines that match a particular pattern. The syntax is as follows:

sed '/pattern/d' input.md

For example, to delete all lines containing the word "banana" from input.md, use the following command:

sed '/banana/d' input.md

5. Inserting and Appending Text

sed allows you to insert or append text at specific locations in a Markdown file. The i command is used to insert text before a line, and the a command is used to append text after a line. The syntax is as follows:

sed '/pattern/i\inserted text' input.md
sed '/pattern/a\appended text' input.md

For example, to insert the line "This is a new paragraph." before the line containing the word "example" in input.md, use the following command:

sed '/example/i\This is a new paragraph.' input.md

6. Transformations

sed provides various transformation commands that can be used to modify Markdown files. Some useful commands include:

• y: Transliterate characters. For example, to convert all uppercase letters to lowercase, use:

  sed 'y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/' input.md
  

• p: Print lines. By default, sed only prints the modified lines. To print all lines, use:

  sed -n 'p' input.md
  

• r: Read and insert the contents of a file. For example, to insert the contents of insert.md after the line containing the word "insertion point" in input.md, use:

  sed '/insertion point/r insert.md' input.md
  

These are just a few examples of the transformation commands available in sed.

7. Working with Files

By default, sed modifies the input in-place. To make changes to a file and save the output to a new file, you can use input/output redirection:

sed 'command' input.md > output.md

This command runs sed on input.md and saves the output to output.md. Be cautious when using redirection, as it will overwrite the contents of output.md if it already exists.

8. Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have explored the basics of using sed with Markdown files. You have learned how to perform search and replace operations, delete lines, insert and append text, apply transformations, and work with files. sed offers a wide range of capabilities, and with practice, you can become proficient in manipulating Markdown files using this powerful tool.

On August 1, 2023, the free tier for the Amazon Simple Email Service (SES) will change. We are adding more features to the SES free tier: it now includes more outbound email message sources, SES’ new Virtual Deliverability Manager, and a higher limit for receiving inbound messages. We are also lowering the free tier limit for outbound messages and reducing the duration of the SES free tier to 12 months.

This may affect your bill starting in August 2023. Since you are already using SES, you will be able to take advantage of the revised free tier for another 12 months (until August 2024). Based on your SES usage in May 2023, this change would not have affected your SES bill. Note this is an estimate based on your usage, and actual billing impact may vary depending on your usage patterns each month and any discounts you may have.

The revised SES free tier offers you more flexibility. Previously, the SES free tier included up 1,000 inbound email messages per month and up to 62,000 outbound messages per month when sent from AWS compute services such as Amazon EC2. The revised free tier includes up to 3,000 messages each month. You can receive inbound messages, send outbound messages sent from anywhere (not just AWS compute services), or try Virtual Deliverability Manager, which gives you easy access to detailed metrics to explore and monitor your email delivery and engagement rates. For new SES customers, the revised free tier is available for the 12 months after you start using SES; for existing SES customers, the revised free tier is available for 12 months starting August 1, 2023.

The revised SES free tier goes live on August 1, 2023, and your account(s) will be enrolled automatically. As part of this change, you will see the label you see on your SES bill for the pricing unit for inbound messages change from “Message” to “Count” - this matches the same way we label outbound messages. We are not able to offer an option to remain on the previous SES free tier model.

To learn more about SES' deliverability tools through Virtual Deliverability Manager, please see the documentation [1]. For more details about the previous free tier, visit the pricing page [2].

If you have any questions or concerns, please reach out to AWS Support [3].

[1] https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ses/latest/dg/vdm.html [2] https://aws.amazon.com/ses/pricing/ [3] https://aws.amazon.com/support

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.run/post/19302

Author: Pragya Bakshi Sharma

NYT writes, "A public scolding from the White House, especially when the United States is wrestling with its own threats to democracy, would serve little purpose except to anger the Indian public."

On Friday, PM Narendra Modi became the only Indian Prime Minister and third global leader to address the Joint Session of the US Congress twice. “It is always a great honour to address the United States Congress. It is an exceptional privilege to do so twice. For this honour, I extend my deepest gratitude on behalf of 1.4 billion people of India,” PM Modi said.

He jestfully added, “Mr. Speaker, you have a tough job. (Congress erupts in laughter). I can relate to the battles of passion, persuasion, and policy. I can understand the debate of ideas and ideology. But I am delighted to see you come together to celebrate the bond between world’s two great democracies – India and the United States (Congress standing ovation). I am happy to help out whenever you need a strong bipartisan consensus (Congress erupts in laughter).”

In just 100 words, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inadvertently incarcerated The New York Times’s latest 1376-word rant.

Titled “The India Quandary”, NYT’s op-ed on Thursday was uncommonly politically correct. Of course, the article didn’t fall short of its traditional anti-Modi, anti-India, anti-Hindu bigotry, but seems to have preached a rather introspective gospel to the Biden administration instead of its general habit of preaching to India.

Keeping in line with its convoluted style of writing so as to leave an escape route open, the New York Times op-ed begins with an outright hypocritical stand as it questions the applicability of the ideals of the very liberal democracy it has been preaching to India.

“…but that chimera soon gave way to the more complex world we inhabit today, in which the ideals of liberal democracy — often in otherwise well-functioning democracies — sometimes seem to be in conflict with the popularity of strongmen leaders, the desire for security or the forces of xenophobia or grievance,” it reads.

The op-ed further reads, “For American presidents and policymakers, this poses a challenge; it is no longer enough to champion the ideals of liberal democracy and count on the rest of the world to follow.”

This is the same New York Times that has demeaned India by calling it “an increasingly illiberal democracy“. And now, the change of heart is such that it is preaching, twice in 24 hours, the US govt to use measures that are more tolerant than the ideals of liberal democracy.

In another one of NYT’s opinion articles titled ‘Democracy and Reality,” the author says that “an alliance made up only of liberal democracies would probably weaken global democracy.” The article is written by NYT senior writer David Leonhardt.

So what is it that has made the already politically correct New York Times now also politically correct towards its own coterie? It is the 1.4 billion people of India. Yes, you read that right. Here’s another part from the op-ed to tell you how.

It reads, “A public scolding from the White House, especially when the United States is wrestling with its own threats to democracy, would serve little purpose except to anger the Indian public.” After 9 years of the Modi govt, 6th visit as PM, and the first official state visit, the New York Times seems to have finally grasped the pulse of the Indian electorate.

The Prime Minister’s consecutive victory and his popularity among the Indian masses both at home and abroad have trampled the toolkit gang’s daydreams of stripping India of its Hindu identity. Here’s an excerpt that proves the same: “…senior American officials believe that India’s views of the United States have fundamentally improved in recent years. This is partly through the work of the dynamic Indian diaspora…”

It is surprising to note that NYT somehow mustered the courage to speak the truth in saying that “India is a democracy in which the world’s biggest electorate openly and freely exercises the fundamental right to choose its leader”. The Hindu-hating “news” organisation has otherwise often written off the role of the Indian voter in consciously bringing Modi to power and has attributed his victory to what it deems an “anti-Muslim narrative”.

But let’s not get ahead of ourselves here for this is the notorious New York Times after all. In sugarcoated and seemingly intellectual words, the op-ed is basically suggesting that the Biden administration use more careful means of “engagement which can, at least sometimes, lead to further dialogue and space for diplomacy”. Why? Because “Mr. Modi, the prime minister since 2014, commands sky-high popularity ratings and a secure majority in his Parliament, and is in the enviable position of leading a country with a relatively young, growing population”.

The New York Times with this op-ed has sensationally elaborated that the United States of America should continue to meddle in India’s internal affairs while ensuring that Democrats remain in the good books of the Indian diaspora. An excerpt from the op-ed declares NYT’s fears in this regard:

“The administration also faces the problem that the United States’ democratic credentials have been tarnished by Donald Trump and the possibility that he may be back in the White House before long. Mr. Trump’s politics have been openly hailed as an inspiration by many an elected autocrat — including Mr. Modi, whose magnetism Mr. Trump likened to Elvis Presley’s at a rally in Houston on an official visit in 2019.”

The above excerpt also reveals the deep-seated fear among America’s left-liberal Democrats of losing power come the 2024 Presidential elections. “Hurry up! Quell the chorus for Trump among Indians” is the underlying desperate message.

For The New York Times to be so high-handed to think that it has any control over the Indian political and global sentiments is vainglorious, to say the least. From the pitch to “advance American ideals” at the beginning of the editorial to assuming that India gives two hoots about what “America admires” about us at the end of it, NYT itself is far from pragmatism; that America is no more the absolute and decisive world power.

At one point, the editorial quotes US govt officials as saying that “it’s far better to raise concerns (with Modi about Indian democracy) in private” because “India’s vital role on the global stage supersedes concerns about one leader”. As if Biden, of all people, who has made a faux pas on several occasions, has the skill to give a simple statement off the prompter, let alone raise concerns with Prime Minister Modi.

Exposé after exposé of the anti-India, Hindu-hating brigade has brought down the likes of NYT’s propaganda editors to conspire diplomatic means to push their narrative using their favorite jargons like “autocratic Modi!”, “fascist Modi!”, “anti-Muslim, Hindutva Modi”.

This New York Times op-ed is nothing but just another left-liberal whining about not being able to preach to India as India refuses to further their interests. Basically, when NYT has failed to preach to India, it is preaching its own govt on how to preach to India.

Author: Pragya Bakshi Sharma

NYT writes, "A public scolding from the White House, especially when the United States is wrestling with its own threats to democracy, would serve little purpose except to anger the Indian public."

On Friday, PM Narendra Modi became the only Indian Prime Minister and third global leader to address the Joint Session of the US Congress twice. “It is always a great honour to address the United States Congress. It is an exceptional privilege to do so twice. For this honour, I extend my deepest gratitude on behalf of 1.4 billion people of India,” PM Modi said.

He jestfully added, “Mr. Speaker, you have a tough job. (Congress erupts in laughter). I can relate to the battles of passion, persuasion, and policy. I can understand the debate of ideas and ideology. But I am delighted to see you come together to celebrate the bond between world’s two great democracies – India and the United States (Congress standing ovation). I am happy to help out whenever you need a strong bipartisan consensus (Congress erupts in laughter).”

In just 100 words, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inadvertently incarcerated The New York Times’s latest 1376-word rant.

Titled “The India Quandary”, NYT’s op-ed on Thursday was uncommonly politically correct. Of course, the article didn’t fall short of its traditional anti-Modi, anti-India, anti-Hindu bigotry, but seems to have preached a rather introspective gospel to the Biden administration instead of its general habit of preaching to India.

Keeping in line with its convoluted style of writing so as to leave an escape route open, the New York Times op-ed begins with an outright hypocritical stand as it questions the applicability of the ideals of the very liberal democracy it has been preaching to India.

“…but that chimera soon gave way to the more complex world we inhabit today, in which the ideals of liberal democracy — often in otherwise well-functioning democracies — sometimes seem to be in conflict with the popularity of strongmen leaders, the desire for security or the forces of xenophobia or grievance,” it reads.

The op-ed further reads, “For American presidents and policymakers, this poses a challenge; it is no longer enough to champion the ideals of liberal democracy and count on the rest of the world to follow.”

This is the same New York Times that has demeaned India by calling it “an increasingly illiberal democracy“. And now, the change of heart is such that it is preaching, twice in 24 hours, the US govt to use measures that are more tolerant than the ideals of liberal democracy.

In another one of NYT’s opinion articles titled ‘Democracy and Reality,” the author says that “an alliance made up only of liberal democracies would probably weaken global democracy.” The article is written by NYT senior writer David Leonhardt.

So what is it that has made the already politically correct New York Times now also politically correct towards its own coterie? It is the 1.4 billion people of India. Yes, you read that right. Here’s another part from the op-ed to tell you how.

It reads, “A public scolding from the White House, especially when the United States is wrestling with its own threats to democracy, would serve little purpose except to anger the Indian public.” After 9 years of the Modi govt, 6th visit as PM, and the first official state visit, the New York Times seems to have finally grasped the pulse of the Indian electorate.

The Prime Minister’s consecutive victory and his popularity among the Indian masses both at home and abroad have trampled the toolkit gang’s daydreams of stripping India of its Hindu identity. Here’s an excerpt that proves the same: “…senior American officials believe that India’s views of the United States have fundamentally improved in recent years. This is partly through the work of the dynamic Indian diaspora…”

It is surprising to note that NYT somehow mustered the courage to speak the truth in saying that “India is a democracy in which the world’s biggest electorate openly and freely exercises the fundamental right to choose its leader”. The Hindu-hating “news” organisation has otherwise often written off the role of the Indian voter in consciously bringing Modi to power and has attributed his victory to what it deems an “anti-Muslim narrative”.

But let’s not get ahead of ourselves here for this is the notorious New York Times after all. In sugarcoated and seemingly intellectual words, the op-ed is basically suggesting that the Biden administration use more careful means of “engagement which can, at least sometimes, lead to further dialogue and space for diplomacy”. Why? Because “Mr. Modi, the prime minister since 2014, commands sky-high popularity ratings and a secure majority in his Parliament, and is in the enviable position of leading a country with a relatively young, growing population”.

The New York Times with this op-ed has sensationally elaborated that the United States of America should continue to meddle in India’s internal affairs while ensuring that Democrats remain in the good books of the Indian diaspora. An excerpt from the op-ed declares NYT’s fears in this regard:

“The administration also faces the problem that the United States’ democratic credentials have been tarnished by Donald Trump and the possibility that he may be back in the White House before long. Mr. Trump’s politics have been openly hailed as an inspiration by many an elected autocrat — including Mr. Modi, whose magnetism Mr. Trump likened to Elvis Presley’s at a rally in Houston on an official visit in 2019.”

The above excerpt also reveals the deep-seated fear among America’s left-liberal Democrats of losing power come the 2024 Presidential elections. “Hurry up! Quell the chorus for Trump among Indians” is the underlying desperate message.

For The New York Times to be so high-handed to think that it has any control over the Indian political and global sentiments is vainglorious, to say the least. From the pitch to “advance American ideals” at the beginning of the editorial to assuming that India gives two hoots about what “America admires” about us at the end of it, NYT itself is far from pragmatism; that America is no more the absolute and decisive world power.

At one point, the editorial quotes US govt officials as saying that “it’s far better to raise concerns (with Modi about Indian democracy) in private” because “India’s vital role on the global stage supersedes concerns about one leader”. As if Biden, of all people, who has made a faux pas on several occasions, has the skill to give a simple statement off the prompter, let alone raise concerns with Prime Minister Modi.

Exposé after exposé of the anti-India, Hindu-hating brigade has brought down the likes of NYT’s propaganda editors to conspire diplomatic means to push their narrative using their favorite jargons like “autocratic Modi!”, “fascist Modi!”, “anti-Muslim, Hindutva Modi”.

This New York Times op-ed is nothing but just another left-liberal whining about not being able to preach to India as India refuses to further their interests. Basically, when NYT has failed to preach to India, it is preaching its own govt on how to preach to India.

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.run/post/19300

Author: Eashaan Dhillon

The IAF conducted Exercise 'Ranvijay' with a focus on integration and joint operations and used the Sukhoi Su-30MKI aircraft in the exercise.

The Indian Air Force, with a focus on integration, carried out Exercise ‘Ranvijay’. (Image: ANI)

The Indian Air Force carried out Exercise ‘Ranvijay’ with a focus on integration on Sunday (June 25). It was conducted from different air bases of the command headquarters of IAF in Prayagraj. The IAF conducted day and night operations with its various combat fleet including the Sukhoi Su-30MKI aircraft, a twin-engine multirole fighter aircraft developed by Russia’s Sukhoi and built under license by India’s Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).

The Sukhoi Su-30MKI aircraft is a heavy, all-weather long-range fighter. It is the most advanced fighter of the IAF after the French-made Rafale jets. The first fighter joined the fleet of the IAF in 2002, while the first aircraft assembled in India entered service with IAF in 2004.

About Indian Air Force’s Exercise 'Ranvijay’

The Central Air Command (CAC) in a statement said that the major focus of this exercise was on integrated operations while optimally exploiting the Electronic Warfare capabilities of the Indian Air Force (IAF). This exercise involved the execution of full spectrum operations by all combat assets. It will also improve the capabilities of the IAF to conduct night ops and function in all weather conditions across the globe.

"IAF UB Hills Prayagraj "Exercise Ranvijay was conducted in UB Hills and Central Air Command Area of Responsibility from June 16-23 wherein full spectrum operations by all combat assets by day and night were carried out," Central Air Command of the IAF said. "The focus was on Integrated operations while optimally exploiting electronic warfare capabilities of the Indian Air Force," CAC added. The exercise has proven that the IAF is capable of taking on challenges and protecting the nation's skies from India's adversaries with its technological capabilities. Moreover, the integration of the three tri-services will help thwart threats from India's adversaries along the Western and Northern Border.

Author: Eashaan Dhillon

The IAF conducted Exercise 'Ranvijay' with a focus on integration and joint operations and used the Sukhoi Su-30MKI aircraft in the exercise.

The Indian Air Force, with a focus on integration, carried out Exercise ‘Ranvijay’. (Image: ANI)

The Indian Air Force carried out Exercise ‘Ranvijay’ with a focus on integration on Sunday (June 25). It was conducted from different air bases of the command headquarters of IAF in Prayagraj. The IAF conducted day and night operations with its various combat fleet including the Sukhoi Su-30MKI aircraft, a twin-engine multirole fighter aircraft developed by Russia’s Sukhoi and built under license by India’s Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).

The Sukhoi Su-30MKI aircraft is a heavy, all-weather long-range fighter. It is the most advanced fighter of the IAF after the French-made Rafale jets. The first fighter joined the fleet of the IAF in 2002, while the first aircraft assembled in India entered service with IAF in 2004.

About Indian Air Force’s Exercise 'Ranvijay’

The Central Air Command (CAC) in a statement said that the major focus of this exercise was on integrated operations while optimally exploiting the Electronic Warfare capabilities of the Indian Air Force (IAF). This exercise involved the execution of full spectrum operations by all combat assets. It will also improve the capabilities of the IAF to conduct night ops and function in all weather conditions across the globe.

"IAF UB Hills Prayagraj "Exercise Ranvijay was conducted in UB Hills and Central Air Command Area of Responsibility from June 16-23 wherein full spectrum operations by all combat assets by day and night were carried out," Central Air Command of the IAF said. "The focus was on Integrated operations while optimally exploiting electronic warfare capabilities of the Indian Air Force," CAC added. The exercise has proven that the IAF is capable of taking on challenges and protecting the nation's skies from India's adversaries with its technological capabilities. Moreover, the integration of the three tri-services will help thwart threats from India's adversaries along the Western and Northern Border.

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.run/post/19256

The bridge collapsed overnight near Columbus, Montana causing several train cars to be immersed in the Yellowstone River.

Portions of a freight train plunged into the Yellowstone River due to bridge collapse. (Image: AP)

A bridge that crosses the Yellowstone River in Montana collapsed early Saturday, plunging portions of a freight train carrying hazardous materials into the rushing water below.

The train cars were carrying hot asphalt and molten sulfur, Stillwater County Disaster and Emergency Services said. Officials shut down drinking water intakes downstream while they evaluated the danger after the 6 a.m. accident. An Associated Press reporter witnessed a yellow substance coming out of some of the tank cars.

David Stamey, the county’s chief of emergency services, said there was no immediate danger for the crews working at the site, and the hazardous material was being diluted by the swollen river. There were three asphalt cars and four sulfur cars in the river.

The train crew was safe and no injuries were reported, Montana Rail Link spokesman Andy Garland said in a statement. The asphalt and sulfur both solidify quickly when exposed to cooler temperatures, he said.

Railroad crews were at the scene in Stillwater County, near the town of Columbus, about 40 miles (about 64 kilometers) west of Billings. The area is in a sparsely populated section of the Yellowstone River Valley, surrounded by ranch and farmland. The river there flows away from Yellowstone National Park, which is about 110 miles (177 kilometers) southwest.

“We are committed to addressing any potential impacts to the area as a result of this incident and working to understand the reasons behind the accident,” Garland said.

The bridge collapse also took out a fiber-optic cable providing internet service to many customers in the state, the high-speed provider Global Net said. “This is the major fiber route ... through Montana,” a recording on the company’s phone line said Saturday. “This is affecting all Global Net customers. Connectivity will either be down or extremely slow.”

In neighboring Yellowstone County, officials said they instituted emergency measures at water treatment plants due to the “potential hazmat spill” and asked residents to conserve water.

The cause of the collapse is under investigation. The river was swollen with recent heavy rains, but it’s unclear whether that was a factor. The Yellowstone saw record flooding in 2022 that caused extensive damage to Yellowstone National Park and adjacent towns in Montana. Robert Bea, a retired engineering professor at the University of California Berkeley who has analyzed the causes of hundreds of major disasters, said repeated years of heavy river flows provided a clue to the possible cause.

“The high water flow translates to high forces acting directly on the pier and, importantly, on the river bottom,” Bea said. “You can have erosion or scour that removes support from the foundation. High forces translate to a high likelihood of a structural or foundation failure that could act as a trigger to initiate the accident.”

An old highway bridge that paralleled the railroad bridge — together, they were called the Twin Bridges — was removed in 2021 after the Montana Department of Transportation determined it was in imminent danger of falling. It wasn’t immediately clear when the railroad bridge was constructed or when it was last inspected. Bea said investigators would also want to look at whether there was wear or rust in bridge components as well as a record of maintenance, repair and inspections.

Federal Railroad Administration officials were at the scene working with local authorities. “As part of our investigation, we have requested and will thoroughly review a copy of recent bridge inspection reports from the owner for compliance with federal Bridge Safety Standards,” the agency said in a statement Saturday, noting that responsibility for inspections lies with bridge owners.

Kelly Hitchcock of the Columbus Water Users shut off the flow of river water into an irrigation ditch downstream from the collapsed bridge to prevent contents from the tank cars from reaching nearby farmland. The Stillwater County Sheriff’s Office called the group Saturday morning to warn it about the collapse, Hitchcock said.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that sulfur is a common element used as a fertilizer as well as an insecticide, fungicide and rodenticide.

The bridge collapsed overnight near Columbus, Montana causing several train cars to be immersed in the Yellowstone River.

Portions of a freight train plunged into the Yellowstone River due to bridge collapse. (Image: AP)

A bridge that crosses the Yellowstone River in Montana collapsed early Saturday, plunging portions of a freight train carrying hazardous materials into the rushing water below.

The train cars were carrying hot asphalt and molten sulfur, Stillwater County Disaster and Emergency Services said. Officials shut down drinking water intakes downstream while they evaluated the danger after the 6 a.m. accident. An Associated Press reporter witnessed a yellow substance coming out of some of the tank cars.

David Stamey, the county’s chief of emergency services, said there was no immediate danger for the crews working at the site, and the hazardous material was being diluted by the swollen river. There were three asphalt cars and four sulfur cars in the river.

The train crew was safe and no injuries were reported, Montana Rail Link spokesman Andy Garland said in a statement. The asphalt and sulfur both solidify quickly when exposed to cooler temperatures, he said.

Railroad crews were at the scene in Stillwater County, near the town of Columbus, about 40 miles (about 64 kilometers) west of Billings. The area is in a sparsely populated section of the Yellowstone River Valley, surrounded by ranch and farmland. The river there flows away from Yellowstone National Park, which is about 110 miles (177 kilometers) southwest.

“We are committed to addressing any potential impacts to the area as a result of this incident and working to understand the reasons behind the accident,” Garland said.

The bridge collapse also took out a fiber-optic cable providing internet service to many customers in the state, the high-speed provider Global Net said. “This is the major fiber route ... through Montana,” a recording on the company’s phone line said Saturday. “This is affecting all Global Net customers. Connectivity will either be down or extremely slow.”

In neighboring Yellowstone County, officials said they instituted emergency measures at water treatment plants due to the “potential hazmat spill” and asked residents to conserve water.

The cause of the collapse is under investigation. The river was swollen with recent heavy rains, but it’s unclear whether that was a factor. The Yellowstone saw record flooding in 2022 that caused extensive damage to Yellowstone National Park and adjacent towns in Montana. Robert Bea, a retired engineering professor at the University of California Berkeley who has analyzed the causes of hundreds of major disasters, said repeated years of heavy river flows provided a clue to the possible cause.

“The high water flow translates to high forces acting directly on the pier and, importantly, on the river bottom,” Bea said. “You can have erosion or scour that removes support from the foundation. High forces translate to a high likelihood of a structural or foundation failure that could act as a trigger to initiate the accident.”

An old highway bridge that paralleled the railroad bridge — together, they were called the Twin Bridges — was removed in 2021 after the Montana Department of Transportation determined it was in imminent danger of falling. It wasn’t immediately clear when the railroad bridge was constructed or when it was last inspected. Bea said investigators would also want to look at whether there was wear or rust in bridge components as well as a record of maintenance, repair and inspections.

Federal Railroad Administration officials were at the scene working with local authorities. “As part of our investigation, we have requested and will thoroughly review a copy of recent bridge inspection reports from the owner for compliance with federal Bridge Safety Standards,” the agency said in a statement Saturday, noting that responsibility for inspections lies with bridge owners.

Kelly Hitchcock of the Columbus Water Users shut off the flow of river water into an irrigation ditch downstream from the collapsed bridge to prevent contents from the tank cars from reaching nearby farmland. The Stillwater County Sheriff’s Office called the group Saturday morning to warn it about the collapse, Hitchcock said.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that sulfur is a common element used as a fertilizer as well as an insecticide, fungicide and rodenticide.

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.run/post/19203

Author: Astha Singh

Biden reiterated that the friendship between America and India is among the most consequential among partnerships and has now turned out to be stronger.

President Biden asserted that US-India friendship among most consequential in the world | Image: AP/PTI

After Prime Minister Narendra Modi's US visit, President Joe Biden on Sunday reiterated that the friendship between America and India is among the most consequential partnerships globally and has now turned out to be stronger and more dynamic than ever. Responding to the US President, Prime Minister Modi affirmed the power of friendship between the two nations. In PM Modi's historic three-day State visit, India and America signed several major deals to boost cooperation in key areas such as defence, space, and trade with an aim to further elevate their partnership.

Biden says 'US-India friendship most consequential'

President Biden took to Twitter and shared a video showcasing glimpses of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's State visit. "The friendship between the United States and India is among the most consequential in the world. And it's stronger, closer, and more dynamic than ever," he wrote.

In the video, the US President stated that he has long believed that ties between India and US will be one of the defining relationships as both nations' Constitutions are bound with the same phrase: "We the people". He added that both nations share democratic values and want people everywhere to have the opportunity to live in dignity. "This is a cornerstone of this essential partnership between India and the US. And that is why I know the friendship between our nations is only going to grow as we face the future together," he said.

In response to Biden's tweet, PM Modi asserted that the friendship between India and the US is a force for global good and will make the planet better as well as more sustainable. "I fully agree with you, POTUS, Joe Biden. The friendship between our countries is a force for global good. It will make the planet better and more sustainable. The ground covered in my recent visit will strengthen our bond even more," tweeted PM Modi.

I fully agree with you, @POTUS @JoeBiden! Friendship between our countries is a force of global good. It will make a planet better and more sustainable. The ground covered in my recent visit will strengthen our bond even more. 🇮🇳 🇺🇸 https://t.co/iEEhBIYG17 - Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) June 25, 2023

PM Modi embarked on his visit to the US on June 20 and in New York, he led a historic event at the UN Headquarters to commemorate the ninth International Day of Yoga on June 21. A day later, he received a red-carpet welcome at the White House by President Biden in Washington DC. The two leaders held a historic summit on Thursday, followed by Modi's address to the US Congress and a State dinner hosted at the White House by the Bidens in his honour.

Author: Astha Singh

Biden reiterated that the friendship between America and India is among the most consequential among partnerships and has now turned out to be stronger.

President Biden asserted that US-India friendship among most consequential in the world | Image: AP/PTI

After Prime Minister Narendra Modi's US visit, President Joe Biden on Sunday reiterated that the friendship between America and India is among the most consequential partnerships globally and has now turned out to be stronger and more dynamic than ever. Responding to the US President, Prime Minister Modi affirmed the power of friendship between the two nations. In PM Modi's historic three-day State visit, India and America signed several major deals to boost cooperation in key areas such as defence, space, and trade with an aim to further elevate their partnership.

Biden says 'US-India friendship most consequential'

President Biden took to Twitter and shared a video showcasing glimpses of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's State visit. "The friendship between the United States and India is among the most consequential in the world. And it's stronger, closer, and more dynamic than ever," he wrote.

In the video, the US President stated that he has long believed that ties between India and US will be one of the defining relationships as both nations' Constitutions are bound with the same phrase: "We the people". He added that both nations share democratic values and want people everywhere to have the opportunity to live in dignity. "This is a cornerstone of this essential partnership between India and the US. And that is why I know the friendship between our nations is only going to grow as we face the future together," he said.

In response to Biden's tweet, PM Modi asserted that the friendship between India and the US is a force for global good and will make the planet better as well as more sustainable. "I fully agree with you, POTUS, Joe Biden. The friendship between our countries is a force for global good. It will make the planet better and more sustainable. The ground covered in my recent visit will strengthen our bond even more," tweeted PM Modi.

I fully agree with you, @POTUS @JoeBiden! Friendship between our countries is a force of global good. It will make a planet better and more sustainable. The ground covered in my recent visit will strengthen our bond even more. 🇮🇳 🇺🇸 https://t.co/iEEhBIYG17 - Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) June 25, 2023

PM Modi embarked on his visit to the US on June 20 and in New York, he led a historic event at the UN Headquarters to commemorate the ninth International Day of Yoga on June 21. A day later, he received a red-carpet welcome at the White House by President Biden in Washington DC. The two leaders held a historic summit on Thursday, followed by Modi's address to the US Congress and a State dinner hosted at the White House by the Bidens in his honour.

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.run/post/19113

In this tutorial, we will walk through the process of using the grep command to filter Nginx logs based on a given time range. grep is a powerful command-line tool for searching and filtering text patterns in files.

Step 1: Access the Nginx Log Files First, access the server or machine where Nginx is running. Locate the log files that you want to search. Typically, Nginx log files are located in the /var/log/nginx/ directory. The main log file is usually named access.log. You may have additional log files for different purposes, such as error logging.

Step 2: Understanding Nginx Log Format To effectively search through Nginx logs, it is essential to understand the log format. By default, Nginx uses the combined log format, which consists of several fields, including the timestamp. The timestamp format varies depending on your Nginx configuration but is usually in the following format: [day/month/year:hour:minute:second timezone].

Step 3: Determine the Time Range Decide on the time range you want to filter. You will need to provide the starting and ending timestamps in the log format mentioned earlier. For example, if you want to filter logs between June 24th, 2023, from 10:00 AM to 12:00 PM, the time range would be [24/Jun/2023:10:00:00 and [24/Jun/2023:12:00:00.

Step 4: Use Grep to Filter Logs With the log files and time range identified, you can now use grep to filter the logs. Open a terminal or SSH session to the server and execute the following command:

grep "\[24/Jun/2023:10:00:" /var/log/nginx/access.log | awk '$4 >= "[24/Jun/2023:10:00:" && $4 <= "[24/Jun/2023:12:00:"'

Replace starting_timestamp and ending_timestamp with the appropriate timestamps you determined in Step 3. The grep command searches for lines containing the starting timestamp in the log file specified (access.log in this example). The output is then piped (|) to awk, which filters the logs based on the time range.

Step 5: View Filtered Logs After executing the command, you should see the filtered logs that fall within the specified time range. The output will include the entire log lines matching the filter.

Additional Tips:

• If you have multiple log files, you can either specify them individually in the grep command or use a wildcard character (*) to match all files in the directory.
• You can redirect the filtered output to a file by appending > output.log at the end of the command. This will create a file named output.log containing the filtered logs.

That's it! You have successfully filtered Nginx logs using grep based on a given time range. Feel free to explore additional options and features of grep to further refine your log analysis.

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.run/post/19113

In this tutorial, we will walk through the process of using the grep command to filter Nginx logs based on a given time range. grep is a powerful command-line tool for searching and filtering text patterns in files.

Step 1: Access the Nginx Log Files First, access the server or machine where Nginx is running. Locate the log files that you want to search. Typically, Nginx log files are located in the /var/log/nginx/ directory. The main log file is usually named access.log. You may have additional log files for different purposes, such as error logging.

Step 2: Understanding Nginx Log Format To effectively search through Nginx logs, it is essential to understand the log format. By default, Nginx uses the combined log format, which consists of several fields, including the timestamp. The timestamp format varies depending on your Nginx configuration but is usually in the following format: [day/month/year:hour:minute:second timezone].

Step 3: Determine the Time Range Decide on the time range you want to filter. You will need to provide the starting and ending timestamps in the log format mentioned earlier. For example, if you want to filter logs between June 24th, 2023, from 10:00 AM to 12:00 PM, the time range would be [24/Jun/2023:10:00:00 and [24/Jun/2023:12:00:00.

Step 4: Use Grep to Filter Logs With the log files and time range identified, you can now use grep to filter the logs. Open a terminal or SSH session to the server and execute the following command:

grep "\[24/Jun/2023:10:00:" /var/log/nginx/access.log | awk '$4 >= "[24/Jun/2023:10:00:" && $4 <= "[24/Jun/2023:12:00:"'

Replace starting_timestamp and ending_timestamp with the appropriate timestamps you determined in Step 3. The grep command searches for lines containing the starting timestamp in the log file specified (access.log in this example). The output is then piped (|) to awk, which filters the logs based on the time range.

Step 5: View Filtered Logs After executing the command, you should see the filtered logs that fall within the specified time range. The output will include the entire log lines matching the filter.

Additional Tips:

• If you have multiple log files, you can either specify them individually in the grep command or use a wildcard character (*) to match all files in the directory.
• You can redirect the filtered output to a file by appending > output.log at the end of the command. This will create a file named output.log containing the filtered logs.

That's it! You have successfully filtered Nginx logs using grep based on a given time range. Feel free to explore additional options and features of grep to further refine your log analysis.