Also some people guessed that this might be in the audio area, so only audio might be affected.
So far, I don't see any issue (audio plays too, though I can't like tell if some frequency is missing or something, I mean, it sounds fine).
What are the chances if I keep using the PC like, this could damage the other (way more expensive) parts or cause a fire?
I could try to see if someone can repair it, though with how high repair costs can be, I don't know if it is more affordable + the worry that they didn't repair it properly. So it might just be better to get another board (which would either way mean, disassembling the whole PC again and rebuilding it). Luckily a motherboard isn't that expensive compared to the other parts at least.
By causing other problems, what do you mean exactly happened in their cases?
Thanks.
Also updated the post with better quality image and another link added.
So I guess, what this means is having one scrapped off or failing isn't a big issue (because of built-in redundancy accounting exactly for that)?
It's like well, here I guess:
https://i.postimg.cc/XJNcnppT/modelblock-gaming-pd.png
You might be able to find a better resolution image of the board if you look, on them, it is written K72 then vertically smaller K2 (the 2 has an underline).
There are so many as you say, so makes me think, there's enough redundancy to leave it be.
Audio from jack appears... to be working fine. Obviously I am just going by ears and some songs playing, so I can't tell if some minor frequency or noise is present.