There is no treaty. And the GDPR is not "law" in the US. You cannot sue a company for damages in the US like in the EU.
However, there is an executive order that allows you to file a complaint if you think your privacy rights have been violated.
You can find a good explainer here.
That agreement concerns use of EU data by the US government itself (ie the intelligence community and law enforcement).
It does not give EU citizens any opportunity to enforce claims against US companies in US courts.