Bender_on_Fire

The t-distribution approaches the normal distribution with increasing degrees of freedom. It is certainly more relevant in for example hypothesis testing, since t-Tests (variance is estimated from the data) is much more common than z-tests (variance is treated as fixed and coming from a normal distribution).

In all of statistics or probability theory, the normal theory is however way more influential.

Nonetheless, it's a cool bit of history where modern statistics got its roots. As a lover of both statistics and guinness, i approve!🍻

So viel Unsinn J.K.Rowling schon produziert hat, ich denke nicht, dass sie die Kobolde in Gringotts mit explizit Juden im Hinterkopf designt hat. Vielmehr ist dieser Stereotyp der kleinen, aus Menschen Sicht nicht besonders hübschen und besonders geldgierigen und hinterlistigen Wesen zur Zeit von Harry Potter schon ziemlich fest in der Fantasy-Literatur verankert gewesen. Das aber womöglich sehr wohl mit dem Gedanken all die schlechten Eigenschaften, die man schon sein Ewigkeiten Juden zuschreibt, zu personifizieren.

Insofern hat sie damit zumindest geholfen, diese Stereotype aufrechtzuerhalten.

First of all, I agree that it would be great if a drug/medicinal procedure would cure a certain condition in each and every patient or at least the vast majority of them. Sadly, that is rarely the case, but that by no means is equivalent to say that when this drug or procedure helps, it's mostly or entirely due to the placebo effect. That's the whole reason we need randomised controlled trials as their might be a significant difference in treatments that only becomes clearly observable once a certain sample size is reached and possible confounding variables are controlled for (usually by randomisation). The human body and many of diseases are incredibly complex so it's naive to assume we could forsee each and every possible influence on a drugs efficacy and therefore determine without error how a patient will react to it.

While there is quite a big group of non-responders when it comes to psychotherapy, it is, on average, an effective treatment clearly proven by a vast body of research. There is still much more to find out, but putting it on the same level as not consuming gluten is in no way defensible.

Now to get back to chiropractics, I don't know too much about it, but I thought it's mostly short term pressure and pain relief, which however rarely combats the underlying issues. Can still be helpful, of course, as pain relief helps with getting more physical activity, as this is often a culprit for example back problems.

That said, I personally wouldn't let anyone touch my spine or neck like some chiropractors do. I'd be too scared of irreparable nerve damage.

more dollars flying around -> economic stimulus -> inflation.

This is a logic that seemed intuitive to me as well for a long time. However, it doesn't make much sense to me anymore when I think about money as simply a representation of wealth or value.

Imagine somebody spending their time and Know-how to build a chair which can be sold at 50$ more than what the original materials are worth. Through their work, they created wealth. The still unchanged amount of money does not accurately represent the currently avaliable wealth anymore and in order to still be redistributed among all goods and services relative to their worth, prices would need to drop (deflation). Now of course, the value of a chair and other goods generally declines over time such that wealth can also disappear, which will cause inflation if it happens excessively. If the government decides to stimulate the economy, ergo creating new money and distributing it, there will still be no inflation if this money is in some way or form used to create the same or more wealth than the equivalent of the newly introduced money. This can easily happen when there are bottlenecks in the current economic situation such as high unemployment or underdeveloped infrastructure.

If of course the new money isn't used to create more wealth, either because it is pocketed by some entities or because there simply are no people or natural resources available, it will lead to inflation.

I don't like this cover particularly much, but it definitely stays true to the feel of the original.

"Bye bye love" is a pretty funny one by S&G as the lyrics are all about heartache bordering full on depression, but people love to clap along to the upbeat melody.

Dieses Mantra wiederholen Politiker und Ökonomen soooo gerne, und es ist auch technisch korrekt, aber auch völlig sinnfrei.

Zugegeben, ich hab nicht genau erklärt, was ich damit meine. Mir geht es vor allem darum zu betonen, dass ein Staat seine Schulden nicht so wie du und ich irgendwann zurückzahlen muss. Eine (übermäßige) Rückzahlung ist sogar kontraproduktiv, da viele Banken eben genau ihr Geld in dieser Weise anlegen und Zinsen verdienen wollen. So können dann (unter Umständen auch risikoreichere) Kredite an Privatpersonen oder Unternehmen vergeben werden.

Die zukünftige Generation zahlt daher nicht die Schulden zurück, die jetzt aufgenommen werden, das war auch noch nie so.

Letztendlich geht es darum die Wirtschaft am Laufen zu halten, damit Staatsanleihen einfach immer und immer wieder ausgegeben und deren fällige Zinsen (durch Verkauf neuer Staatsanleihen) getilgt werden können. Kann man sich natürlich drüber streiten, ob man das gut findet, aber darauf läufts in unserem jetzigen Wirtschaftssystem hinaus.

Und zu deinem zweiten Punkt: völlig egal wieviele Schulden ein Staat macht ist es natürlich auch wieder nicht, da hast du schon Recht. Aber solange sich die Investition lohnt, macht es aus ökonomischer Sicht keinen Sinn sich von einer selbstauferlegten Schuldenbremse davon abhalten zu lassen. Auch hier kann man natürlich diskutieren, was sich lohnt und was nicht, aber bei ein paar Themen, beispielsweise erneuerbare Energien, ist das aus meiner Sicht relativ unstrittig.

Steuererhöhungen in gewissen Bereichen würden sicherlich auch helfen (Vermögenssteuer, Erbschaftssteuer, Kapitalertragssteuer), schuldenfinanzierte Investitionen heute, z.B. in wichtige Infrastruktur, sorgen aber schon an sich dafür, dass zukünftige Generationen eben nicht für die durch Vernachlässigung entstanden Kosten zahlen müssen. Zusätzlich zahlt der Staat seine Schulden auch nicht mit Steuergeld, sondern mit der Ausgabe von Staatsanleihen. D.h., bei einer schlechten oder zumindest nicht gewinnbringenden Investition zahlen in erster Linie jetziger Halter einer Staatsanleihe, da die Bonität des Ausgabelandes sinkt und damit der beim Kauf festgesetzte Zinssatz nicht mehr der Höhe des eingegangenen Risikos entspricht.

Ein Staat, vor allem die mit eigener Währung, sind in Ihrer Ein- und Ausgabenstrategie absolut nicht mit einem Privathaushalt und nur bedingt mit einem Unternehmen vergleichbar.

Not trying to defend the decision, but as far as I know, the reasoning is that if you charge significantly less than you could, it might be because you have other undisclosed agreements with the tenants, like them doing some extra chores for you, repairing the flat or something else. This way, you could avoid a lot of taxes. The sentence also doesn't seem to be a fine in the narrow sense, but rather a demand of additional taxes. If I'm not mistaken, it's perfectly legal to charge very little for a flat, but you still have to pay taxes as if you would have rented it out for a regular price.

"Beste" Sorte wäre jetzt übertrieben, aber ich mag Farfalle sehr, da sie unterschiedliche Konsistenzen aufweist. Außen an den Flügeln etwas weicher und innen am "Knoten" etwas bissfester.

I think quite some people heard of the concept of different kinds of infinity, but don't know much about how these are defined. That's why this meme should be inverted, as thinking the infinities described here are the same size is the intuitive answer when you either know nothing or quite something about the definition whereas knowing just a little bit can easily lead you to the wrong answer.

As the described in the wikipedia article in the top level comment, the thing that matters is whether you can construct a mapping (or more precisely, a bijection) from one set to the other. If so, the sets/infinities are of the same "size".

You can add the Lakers to that. I guess it's natural for scoring to distribute over the quarters since being behind incentivizes playing your best players for longer and hustle in general. In addition, if you know your opponents are slow starters for example, part of the game plan might be trying to exploit that which would make it a self enforcing feedback loop.

I think the text tries to make the point that it doesn't work not because but despite him being black. The argument Perry and others make in this case is not one in the form of material benefits but rather moral ones. A member of a marginalized group makes it big, which is supposed to inspire others from this group. The point is that this form of trickle down economics works just as badly as the "regular" one, which is hardly at all.