Ukraine's State Bureau of Investigation is probing a brigade specially trained to use French weapons after reports that hundreds of soldiers deserted the unit.
Tetyana Sapian, a spokesperson for the investigative agency, told Interfax-Ukraine on Thursday that authorities had launched a criminal investigation into abuse of power and desertion at the 155th Mechanized Brigade.
"The investigation is ongoing. It is too early to talk about any preliminary results," she said.
The infantry brigade, named "Anne of Kyiv" after an 11th-century Kyiv princess who became a queen of France, has about 5,800 soldiers. Around 2,000 of them underwent months of training in France in 2024.
There, they enjoyed a relatively high profile; French President Emmanuel Macron personally met several of 155th's battalions during a public visit to a French base in October. French President Emmanuel Macron speaks with Ukrainian soldiers being trained by France. In October, Macron visited Ukrainian units being trained by France, including the 155th, which is now reportedly burdened by desertions and sudden personnel changes. THIBAULT CAMUS/POOL/AFP via Getty Images
Paris armed the brigade with its own weaponry, including 18 AMX 10 armored vehicles, 18 truck-mounted Caesar howitzers, and 128 armored troop carriers. The unit also fields some of Germany's prized Leopard 2A4 main battle tanks.
By November, the 155th was set to hit the front lines, with French officials saying these Ukrainian troops were now equipped to fight with Western battlefield training. 1,700 desertions, war reporter says
But a report last week by Ukrainian journalist Yuriy Butusov said the brigade has been buckling from desertion and leadership issues, even before it was deployed to Pokrovsk.
"Before the brigade fired the first shot, 1,700 servicemen left it voluntarily," wrote Butusov.
He did not provide evidence for his claim, but published a tally of the unit's strength over time that said hundreds of men deserted monthly from March to November, forcing the 155th to keep replenishing personnel.
A key factor in the desertion rate, Butusov wrote, was that many in the unit had been forcibly recruited off Ukraine's streets. About 50 men also went AWOL while the unit was training in France, Butusov added.
Uncertainty also hangs over the 155th's leadership. Days into its deployment on the front line, the brigade's commander, Col. Dmytro Ryumshin, abruptly announced that he would step down. Ryumshin, a seasoned officer with experience commanding two other brigades, thanked his troops in a Facebook post, saying that the 155th had undergone a "tough but significant journey."
He was replaced by Col. Maksimov Taras Viktorovych, a former commander of the 14th Mechanized Brigade. Troops divvied up for other units
The 155th has also been moving soldiers to other units in need of replenishment, and according to Butusov, it's dealt with at least seven significant personnel changes since March.
Drone-jamming specialists in the 155th, for example, had to fill infantry roles amid a manpower shortage, he wrote.
Mariana Bezuhla, a controversial Ukrainian member of parliament known for criticizing military leadership, said in early December that the 155th was being "torn to pieces, seconded to others."
"Even the fact that the French tried to make the brigade specialized did not save it from the stupid military decisions of our generals and tore the unit apart," she said.
Butusov's report has since drawn outcry among Ukrainian figures, such as Lt. Col. Bohdan Krotevych, who serves as chief of staff in the Azov Brigade.
"Perhaps it's sheer idiocy to create new brigades and equip them with new technology while existing ones are undermanned," he wrote on X.
Serhii Sternenko, a well-known Ukrainian lawyer who provides crowdfunded drones to military units, said his organization was assisting the 155th because the brigade lacked officially provided drones and jammers.
"Why create a new brigade when existing brigades are critically understaffed, only to later divide it and transfer personnel to the old brigades? What's the point?" he wrote on Tuesday on his Telegram channel.
The brigade's fate threatens to mar the legacy of Macron's efforts to position France as a staunch ally of Ukraine. Paris has pledged some $3 billion in military aid to Kyiv, and Macron has been one of the most vocal European leaders pushing for Ukraine's accession to the European Union.
He's also floated the idea of sending French troops to Ukraine if Russia were to score a massive breakthrough. French President Emmanuel Macron welcomes Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky at the Elysee Palace in October. In October, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy visited Paris for the fifth time since the war began. Remon Haazen/Getty Images
The French and Ukrainian Defense Ministries did not respond to requests for comment sent outside regular business hours by Business Insider.
When contacted by BI, the 155th Mechanized Brigade's communications service said: "Until the official investigation is completed, the brigade commander will not provide any comments."
Overall, the "Anne of Kyiv" brigade is just one of several training projects that France and Europe have been working on with Ukraine. Since late 2022, over 63,000 Ukrainian troops have been trained under the European Union Military Assistance Mission, a EU-funded program that gets member states to teach and equip Kyiv's forces.
The program has a $420 million budget for the next two years ending in November 2026.