After thoroughly shuffling, the exact order of the deck is one of 52! (52 factorial, or 52 * 51 * 50 * ... * 2 * 1) possible combinations. That is such a large number that it's possible, even likely, that the exact ordering of your deck has never existed before and will never exist again.
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True, but due to the Birthday Paradox, the chance of any two people shuffling a deck the same way at some point is a lot higher than you might think.
In the future you can denote your factorial with 51!
through single inline backticks for clairity!
What if I just tossed the cards into the air and then picked them up? Would one toss be sufficient? 🤔
No. Surprisingly much of the order is preserved.
Only if you pick them up with your eyes closed
It’s also not sufficient to randomize a deck of cards using a 32-bit seed as was once common in software.
Indeed, even with a 64 bit seed, it is not sufficient.
Some quick math tells me you need 256 bits. Big numbers are wild
With or without cutting the deck in-between each shuffle?
That’s called a “box.” I believe the box/riffle action counts as one shuffle.
And how many boxes make a riffle? I always do three or four between each riffle, and wonder how much it changes.
Numberphile has a bunch of videos on it, and yes 7 the accepted number because more shuffling doesn't increase the randomness in an effective manner.
I always thought riffle shuffles were super ineffective. Most of the cards remain in each others vicinity. What is a better way?
You're essentially splitting the deck and recombining the two halves imperfectly multiple times in a row. Like if a riffle was perfect, you would get the cards from both halves equally distributed, but nobody can do it perfectly, so they actually end up properly randomized. After 7 imperfect riffles, the entire deck is unpredictable.
After 4 perfect ABAB riffle shuffles, you would end up with the same order as you started with. If your shuffles are imperfect, your deck becomes more random every time.
I read ABAB as “Assigned Bitch at Birth” and immediately was like “hey that’s me”
I don't know much about card tricks, just that many appear to use non-random cuts and those ABAB shuffles to get cards where they need to go. This one 'The Hotel' might even be easy enough for me to learn:
It's the best way, period. Even as inefficient as it may seem, inexpertly done, seven shuffles and you're good.
I never learned how to properly shuffle cards that way. My hands just fail at the basic mechanics. Perhaps coincidentally, I would be mortified if something like that were done to the vast majority of the games in my collection. That ain't no $2 Bicycle deck, mi amigo.
This is oddly satisfying to know. Thank you.