it’s pronounced: “jiff”
this post was submitted on 22 Jul 2024
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I thought it was jiff
That’s what I said: booty trap
From COMPARE.md:
Conversely, in Jiff, all time zone lookups by name are cached.
Is the cache invalidated if system tzdata is updated?
And what effect does the answer have on the example from "Jiff supports detecting time zone offset conflicts" if both zoned datetimes used the system timezone which got updated between 1. opening 2. parsing the two zoned datetimes.
Jiff losslessly roundtrips time zone aware datetimes
In this section, wouldn't be more realistic for chrono users to use timezone info around the wire instead of on the wire, rather than using Local+FixedOffset?
Is the cache invalidated if system tzdata is updated?
Yes, although at present, there is a TTL. So an update may take "time" to propagate. jiff::tz::db().reset() will force the cache to be invalidated. I expect the cache invalidation logic to get tweaked as we get real experience with it.
And what effect does the answer have on the example from “Jiff supports detecting time zone offset conflicts” if both zoned datetimes used the system timezone which got updated between 1. opening 2. parsing the two zoned datetimes.
It's hard to know precisely what you mean. But once you get a jiff::tz::TimeZone, that value is immutable: https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/tz/struct.TimeZone.html#a-timezone-is-immutable
New updates to tzdb are only observed when you do a tzdb lookup.
In this section, wouldn’t be more realistic for chrono users to use timezone info around the wire instead of on the wire, rather than using Local+FixedOffset?
That's kinda my point. How do they do that? And does it work with chrono-tz and tzfile? And what happens if tzdb updates lead to a serialized datetime with an incorrect offset in a future update of tzdb? There are all sorts of points of failure here that Jiff will handle for you by virtue of tighter integration with tzdb as a first class concept.
In this section, wouldn't be more realistic for
chronousers to use timezone info around the wire instead of on the wire, rather than usingLocal+FixedOffset?
They do say that the difference is that chrono users would need to keep out-of-band timezone information in addition to the datetime, whereas Jiff does it in-band.
That's fine. I didn't look at the code, but from what I gather, Jiff serializes the timezone name (not detailed tz info). chrono users would communicate the same thing, but it's not built-in functionality in the dt type itself.
The example I referred to however may imply that chrono users would be inclined do the wrong thing, and get the wrong result as a sequence.
(humble personal opinion bit) It feels like it's a case where the example was pushed a bit extra to fit into the "jump into the pit of success/despair" reference. A reference many, young and old, wouldn't recognize, or otherwise wouldn't care for anyway.
You should look at it, they say the implement RFC 9556 timestamps, which include tz info. In my experience it IS useful in real use, because a fixed offset timestamp can lose a bit of information.
For example, if you have a timestamp and want to add a few months to it, for example for a reminder, you will get a timestamp at the same time in the same offset. In many cases that will be wrong, because of things like daylight savings time, which change the offset of the timezone. You will get a timestamp an hour before or after the moment you intended, and it will be in the "wrong" offset in that timezone in that time of year. With timezone aware timestamps, they are aware that the offset will change, and will be able to give a timestamp in the future at the correct time and offset.
I think you misunderstood me.
What I meant is, someone who wants to serialize zoned dt info using chrono can basically send a timestamp and a timezone name on the wire, e.g. (1721599162, "America/New_York").
It's not built-in support. It's not a single human-readable string containing all the needed info that is being sent on the wire. But it does provide the needed info to get the correct results on the other side. And it's the obvious solution to do, and it's doable with trivial wrappers. No Local+FixedOffset usage required. And no wrong results inevitable.
It’s not built-in support.
Right. That's exactly what the code snippet says:
// The serialized datetime has no time zone information,
// so unless there is some out-of-band information saying
// what its time zone is, we're forced to use a fixed offset:
So I feel like the point you're making here is already covered by the example comparison I wrote. It's not built-in, so you have to invent your own interchange format. And since your serialized format doesn't include offset information at the time the instant was created, it's impossible to do offset conflict resolution. For example, let's say you record one year from today in Ukraine:
use jiff::{ToSpan, Unit, Zoned};
fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
let now = Zoned::now().round(Unit::Minute)?.intz("Europe/Kyiv")?;
let next_year = now.checked_add(1.year())?;
println!("{next_year}");
Ok(())
}
And the output:
$ cargo -q r
2025-07-22T17:23:00+03:00[Europe/Kyiv]
And maybe you store this datetime somewhere.
At this point, it's looking like Ukraine is going to abolish DST for next year. So what happens to that datetime above? It no longer has the right offset. So now you need to choose whether to reject it altogether (the default), respect the offset (even if the civil time changes) or respect the civil time (even if the instant changes).
Here's an example of when this happened with Brazil abolishing DST: https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/fmt/temporal/struct.DateTimeParser.html#example-3
Why is the full presentation non-ephemerally stored instead of (timestamp, timezoe)?
Is the use-case strictly limited to checking the validity of a future date that was generated with assumptions based on current tzdata info? That's valid, but quite niche I would argue.
And one can adjust the wrapper to have (timestamp, timezone, assumed_offset_at_ts). But yes, it can be argued that it's not idiomatic/automatic/antecedently obvious anymore.
And the fact that you need to create a wrapper means that some programmers won't bother to do it, or won't know they need to do it. The default case handling timezones correctly will reduce potential errors.
Time zone transition changes happen all the time. Once you start storing datetimes in the future, you're in a bit of a precarious position here. Moreover, this is a standardized interchange format that other libraries will know how to read/write. (It's relatively newly standardized, but has been used in practice among other datetime libraries.)
I think you also glossed over some of my other points. How do you write your serialization code using Chrono? Does it work with both chrono-tz and tzfile?
The point is almost never about "it is literally impossible to accomplish task foo," but rather, it matters how it's approach and how easy it is to do. And if you have to rely on your users having very specific domain knowledge about this, it's likely there will be errors. As my design docs state, I didn't only make Jiff to offer more functionality. I also made it because I felt like the APIs could be better. That's a very subjective valuation, and I find arguments of the type, "well I can just use the old library in this way as long as I hold it right and it actually works just fine" to be missing the forest for the trees.
I think you also glossed over some of my other points. How do you write your serialization code using Chrono? Does it work with both chrono-tz and tzfile?
Something like this?
It can support tzfile too around the wire if it starts to expose tz names in a future version.
Again, to be clear, I'm not saying it's impossible to do. But in order to do it, you have to build your own abstractions. And even then, you still can't do it because tzfile doesn't give you enough to do it. And tzfile has a platform specific API with no caching, so every time you parse a datetime with a tz ID in it, it's completely reloading the TZif data from disk.
Some of these things are implementation quality issues that can be fixed. Others are library design problems where you can achieve your objective by building your own abstractions. Like do you really not see this as something that shouldn't be mentioned in a comparison between these crates? You must recognize the difference between what you're doing and just plopping a Zoned in your struct, deriving Serialize and Deserialize, and then just letting the library do the right thing for you. And that mentioning this is appropriate in the context of the "facts of comparison" because it translates into a real user experience difference for callers.
Like do you really not see this as something that shouldn’t be mentioned in a comparison between these crates? You must recognize the difference between what you’re doing and just plopping a Zoned in your struct, deriving Serialize and Deserialize, and then just letting the library do the right thing for you.
If that's how it was framed in the comparison, it would have been fine. But my original objection was regarding the Local+FixedOffset example which, IMVHO, toys, if ever so slightly, with disingenuity (no offense or aggression intended, I'm a fan).
OK, fair enough. What should it say instead? Just omit the mention of DateTime<Local>? I used it because it's literally the only way to derive(Deserialize) in Chrono in a way that gives you DST aware arithmetic on the result without getting time zone information via some out-of-band mechanism.
Actually, I may have been too finicky about this myself.
Since I often write my own wrapping serialization code for use with non-serde formats, I didn't realize that chrono::DateTime<chorono_tz::Tz> wasn't serde-serializable, even with the serde feature enabled for both crates. That's where the biggest problem probably lies.
In the example, using chorono_tz::Tz, and only converting to-be-serialized values to FixedOffset would probably put better focus on where the limitations/issues actually lie.
OK, I've beefed that example up a little bit: https://github.com/BurntSushi/jiff/commit/08dfdde204c739e38147faf70b648e2d417d1c2e
I think the comparison is a bit more muddied now and probably worse overall to be honest. Maybe removing DateTime<Local> is the right thing to do. I'll think on it.
It's a subtle comparison to make... Probably most people don't even realize that they're doing the wrong thing.
Oh hi, didn't realize you're here! I xposted this to [email protected].
Edit: Also you missed an excellent opportunity to name your time-handling library biff
The original name I wanted was gigawatt or some variation there of. :)
I really likes this package. And I may use it immediately. Very complete and detailed documentation. It lacks in some conveniences like iso8601, rfc3339 or other presets for formatting. But those can be handled manually. Thanks for this!
You should absolutely not need to handle ISO 8601 and RFC 3339 manually. They are supported via the Display and FromStr trait implementations on every main type in Jiff (Span, Zoned, Timestamp, civil::DateTime, civil::Date and civil::Time). It's technically an implementation of a mixture of ISO 8601, RFC 3339 and RFC 9557, but the grammar is specified precisely by Temporal. See: https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/fmt/temporal/index.html
Oh! Goody! This is great! Thanks!
Speaking of convenient things best not handled manually, do you have any plans to get support for it into crates like sqlx-postgresql, diesel or humantime where conversions need to happen but pretty much the same way for every user of the library?
Yeah this is a tough one. I'm not sure the right thing to do is for me to go around blasting PRs at those projects. They're probably already carrying support for both chrono and time, and asking them to support a third that is brand new is a bit of a stretch I think. Especially since I've promised breaking changes in the not-too-distant future. (Although I would like to do a Jiff 1.0 release about 1 year from now and commit to stability.) At least, I know I'd be hesitant if I were on the other side of it. But maybe folks are more flexible than me, I'm not sure.
I've been noodling on just adding these integrations to jiff itself. I do worry that if I do that, then the integrations will always stay with Jiff, even at 1.0. But maybe there just isn't another feasible choice.
But, why do you mention humantime? humantime doesn't have any integrations with time or chrono. humantime is more like a thin wrapper on top of std::time::Duration and std::time::SystemTime to make parsing and printing a bit nicer.