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Insects and Other Animals Have Consciousness, Experts Declare | Quanta Magazine
(www.quantamagazine.org)
General discussions about "science" itself
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The fundamental mechanism is still unknown, however we do know some important details about consciousness:
We know this due to a number of phenomena:
Together these and other observations suggest that consciousness is an emergent phenomena (not present in simple organ structures alone) and occurs along a scale, likely proportional to brain size. And just as your daily state can change (between sleep and wakefulness at minimum) it seems a reasonable hypothesis that other creatures experience something similar, though perhaps with a lower maximum awareness in their most alert state.