Rust

Jeeze, I knew that simplicity was the goal (and I think they largely succeeded in that), but that quote is so explicitly condescending. "They're not capable of understanding a brilliant language"?

I disagree slightly with the need to add full ADT support to the language to implement that style of error handling, because Pike et al. had no problem adding "special cases" to the language: in particular, return values are essentially tuples, but that's the only place in the language with that concept. So they wouldn't need to introduce user-definable enums and full pattern-matching to have better error handling. I can think of a couple approaches they could have used:

• Use compound-return-values as they currently exist, but have additional compiler-enforced restrictions:
  • There can be at most one error value in the return types, and it must be the last element in the "tuple"
  • when returning a non-nil error, the other values must be zero/nil
  • the compiler would require all errors to be checked, never ignored (Go should have at least done this, even without the other stuff)
  • Add the question-mark operator, which would do basically the same thing as in Rust: check if the error value is nil, discard it if so, return early if not
• Have a special "result" type that is quasi-generic (like slices and maps) and treated as a sum-type by the compiler, but which can only be used as a return value from functions. Provide some special variant of the switch statement to destructure it (akin to how type switches have their own bespoke syntax/keyword).