this post was submitted on 10 Jun 2023
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Not exactly, it's more like they all speak the same language, so the actual server (or api) you use is less important.
There are some things that a specific server may choose to do differently, such as sign up or moderation policies.
Well, but they're all using ActivityPub protocol, no? That's the underlying API, and I'm guessing lemmy adds some additional features, but all lemmy servers probably use the same API, I think.
so they're all linked to the same database technically?
I am a programmer so feel free to get into technical details if you can.
No - it's more like email. ActivityPub is the protocol (I think loosely equivalent to sftp or http). Each fediverse "app" (mastodon, lemmy, pixelfed, etc) is a layer of API built on top of ActivityPub. I'm not a web developer so I don't know the exact analogue here, but it's maybe like different flavors of webmail, or like different message boards that are email based.
Basically, every "instance" is running the lemmy application. Different lemmy instances communicate with each other using the lemmy API and the ActivityPub protocol. In principle, a lemmy instance could communicate with a mastodon instance because they use ActivityPub under the hood, but someone would need to translate the API - mastodon has no concept of upvotes or downvotes for example, and lemmy doesn't seem to know what a boost is (boosting, formerly "retooting" is analogous to a retweet on Twitter).