this post was submitted on 13 Sep 2023
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Faster USB chipset is more expensive and potentially also physically larger with more traces on the circuit board to deal with I imagine. And faster data speeds require more attention to how the traces are routed to prevent interference. I very much doubt this is anything other than to save a relatively small amount on materials and engineering costs, on an already overpriced phone, and/or to try and "encourage" you to use iCloud by making offline sync and backup painfully slow.
As someone involved in engineering boards with both USB 2.0 and 3.0 the costs are negligible. You're not wrong about more traces or about it requiring more attention but per phone this cost less then a few cents.
I think it's more about the upsell to the Pro line or as you suggested encouraging use of iCloud.
Standard iPhone is using last year's Pro chipset which doesn't support USB 3.
The newest Pro uses a newer chipset which has USB 3 built in.
The reason is money grab no doubt.
As I remember it the USB 3.0 chips can cause interference in 2.4GHz range unless shielding is used and the USB chipset is kept far away from the 2.4Ghz antennas. Probably just “juice not worth the squeeze” on the smaller non-pro model, if there’s a significant chance it could interfere with Bluetooth and wifi.