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So as you noticed there isn't a one size fits all solution.
You are correct in that bandcamp allows you to buy songs and albums from artists, but not every artist is on the platform. I cycle between Quobuz, HDTracks, or other alternatives (wink, wink)
Navidrome is good for sharing one library, in my experience. It expects one library that a bunch of users can then interact with. This does meet your requirements of seperate stats and downloads per user however you will have access to your family's music just like they will have access to yours.
You could try out funkwhale, which is similar but expects multiple libraries. So you can have a library of just your music and same with your family members, this will allow duplicate tracks. I will caution that funkwhale is, in my experience, not easy to get setup. I would personally recommend navidrome as it is very easy to setup annd use. As others mentioned, it uses the subsonic api under the hood so any subsonic client can access your navidrome libary. I use Feishen on desktop and symphonium on mobile.
You also mention syncing music folders between devices, this might get tricky. But you can setup a rsync services to ssh to your phone and then migrate tracks to your library. But personally I would recommend just trying to only download your music to your NAS so you can skip this annoyance. You can setup Lidarr which is sonarr/radarr but for music. However music piracy is not what it was 10 years ago, and I struggle to have lidarr autopull albums, but thats also because I try to use flac which is not as common either.
Finally you mention recommendations, for me the only option is ListenBrainz. You can setup a musicbrainz account, it is an open source music metadata platform, and then use that login for ListenBrainz, which is a tracking and recommendation engine. You can directly plug in that api to navidrome to have it sync all of your listens.
In summary, my recommendation is to only download music to your nas, setup navidrome for library sharing, (you can download from navidrome), and then setup lidarr for albums. Finally for individual tracks look into deemix, if you only want mp3 then it's just free downloads.
Please feel free to reply or message for any clarifications.
imo today it's a lot easier through the old channels to pull flac than mp3.
This is the best and most cohesive answer.
I use all these things mentioned with a deezer hifi subscription and deemix running as a lidarr addon, that way all i have to do it select an artist on lidarr and boom ive got their discography in minutes.
As for discovery, listenbrainz is a great tool to see what other people with similar taste listen to and it makes potential playlists for you.
HOWEVER, i can not recommend enough just downloading entire collections of artists you like or full albums instead of single songs and hitting shuffle. I have discovered so much new music for me thats been out for years by artists i love that i didnt know existed. This is what lidarr does really well in terms of the collecting music.
Symfonium is also an amazing app for using your navidrome server bar none. All the customisation and features it offer are just so much better than any streaming service app by miles and miles.
Good luck!
I'm ashamed to admit I never considered hooking deemix into lidarr, that is pure genious.
I'd also second collecting whole discographies, a lot of 'one hit wonders' have surprisingly deep catalogs that are full of really great tunes.
If you change to the plugin branch of lidarr you can add it and away you go. Much better than torrents or usenet and then you can also integrate soulseek via another plugin for anything not on deezer (very little anyway)
what's the reason the plugin is not in the main branch? Are there possible issues with the plugin branch? (data loss?) Is there a plan for the plugins option to become part of main branch in the future? (i don't want to break running things if a bit of patience for features would do just fine)
As far as i understand it, its a seperate dev branch and plugins arent intended to be introduced to the main branch.
Its exactly the same otherwise and when i swapped i didnt have to reimport any music etc.
Been working much better than the containers you can get like lidarr-on-steroids because they dont get updated nearly enough whereas i can keep both my lidarr and deemix containers up to date.
Thank you for your detailed answer ! I have one more question : it seems that deemix uses only the Deezer servers. Is there someway to have a downloader that looks for tracks on Spotify or YouTube as well? Because sometimes the songs aren't available (or the metadata is terrible)
No deemix only picks from deezer, but It seems to have song parity with spotify. Or rather I haven't found a song on spotify that wasn't in deezer.
As far as metadata, I use picard to autopopulate meta data from musicbrainz. My typical workflow is find something in deemix, download it and put it in a staging directory, then have lidarr import, trackname fix, and metadata fix, and then finally have navidrome scan the final folder and make the music accessible.