The government is being pretty coy about the details, so most of the article is necessarily conjecture.

Selected excerpts from the article:

The definition of a social media service, as per the Online Safety Act

An electronic service that satisfies the following conditions:

1. The sole or primary purpose of the service is to enable online social interaction between two or more end users;
2. The service allows end users to link to, or interact with, some or all of the other end users;
3. The service allows end users to post material on the service.

Under the proposed changes, it will be the responsibility of social media companies to take reasonable steps to block people under 16.

How will your age be verified?

The government's legislation won't specify the technical method for proving a person's age.

Several options are on the table, including providing ID and biometrics such as face scanning.

The government's currently running an age assurance trial to assess all the methods, and it's scheduled to continue into 2025.

Based on the results of that trial, eSafety commissioner Julie Inman Grant will make recommendations to platforms.

It's possible that Australians will be asked to provide their IDs or biometric data directly to social media companies in order to use their platforms, but that's not guaranteed.

Many of the big players, including Meta, have instead argued for the age verification onus to be placed on app stores, rather than individual platforms, as that would mean proving your age once — rather than every time you sign up to a platform.

It's also possible that a third-party company that specialises in ID verification will act as a go-between between users and social media platforms.

No matter which model is adopted, the prime minister has said privacy protections will be introduced to cover any data people end up providing.