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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.

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Documenting commands # or $ before sudo? (feditown.com)

submitted 1 year ago by [email protected] to c/[email protected]

29 comments fedilink hide all child comments

This might be a stupid question, but hear me out.
I regularly document steps to install various software for myself on my wiki
More recently, I managed to use different custom text in the source markdown to prepend # and $ automatically, so commands can be copied more easily while still clarifying if it should be run as a normal user or as root.

Run command as user

$ some cool command

Run command as root/superuser with sudo

# some dangerous command

I usually remove and sudo and use the # prefix. However, in some cases, the sudo actually does something different that needs to be highlighted. For example, I might use it to execute a command as the user www-data

sudo -u www-data cp /var/www/html/html1 /var/www/html/html2

I often use $ as a prefix, but # would also make sense.
How would you prefix that line?

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[–] [email protected] 4 points 1 year ago (2 children)

# is a standard shell prompt for root, and only for root. For commands executed by any other user, including sudo, use $.

In general it is a bad practice to use sudo in documentation because in many distros it is not available by default. I would use su for your example. However system users have no passwords, so you need to become root first, and only after that change user to avoid prompting a password. So I would write

# su -s /bin/bash www-data
$ cp /var/www/html/html1 /var/www/html/html2

# su -s /bin/sh -c 'cp /var/www/html/html1 /var/www/html/html2' www-data

But if you are sure that sudo is installed and configured on a user's machine, you may write

$ sudo -u www-data cp /var/www/html/html1 /var/www/html/html2

[–] MimicJar 2 points 1 year ago (1 children)

I disagree completely.

The bad practice is running commands directly as root. It's fine if you prefer for your own environment but sudo is the best practice.

Additionally, which distro doesn't have sudo? I'm sure there are some but by far the majority of distos have and use sudo.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago

Bad practice is not using sudo (I do use it), but assuming that everyone has sudo installed and configured the same way as you have.

Additionally, which distro doesn’t have sudo? I’m sure there are some but by far the majority of distos have and use sudo.

Almost all distros have sudo. But many of them don't install it by default. Most popular distros except Ubuntu (I mean Debian, Fedora and RHEL clones) provide a choice to user at install time: set the root password or install sudo and enable it for the admin user. In OpenSUSE sudo is installed by default, however it is configured in slightly different way than usually. Etc., etc.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 1 year ago

Agreed that it's bad practice to use sudo.
Very good idea using su. I never thought of using it like that before.