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I think it's pretty secure and it will be getting better soon. In reality, I think it's much more secure than what most people will end up with otherwise.
ZeroTier is open source, long running without incident, and the traffic is encrypted between peers.
The threat model is basically two fold though, in theory someone who has control of the ZeroTier roots (if you're not using your own controller, if you're using your own, then s/their roots/your roots/) could add routes to your devices, and add/remove devices that are part of your confirmation.
The encryption also doesn't currently have perfect forward security, so if there's a compromise in one of your connections, in theory some past state of that connection could be decrypted. In practice, I'm not sure this matters as traffic at a higher level for most sensitive things uses its own encryption and perfect forward security (but hey maybe you have some software that doesn't).
The other thing I will note about that last point is that they're working on a rust rewrite that will have updated crypto, including perfect forward security.
Thank you for the write up! Very helpful.
The use case I was wondering about is batch printing from a cloud solution. The print batch files could be encrypted, but I work with multiple solutions and I’m not confident that all of them encrypt those files. If it’s possible to crack old batches, that could expose sensitive information.
If you send these files over SSH, you're good as that's encrypted by ZeroTier and then encrypted again inside the SSH connection (and SSH does have perfect forward security).
See their cryptography section of their docs for more info.
You can read more here about what they're working on:
It's been to long since I've read that to give anything more than a condensed "they're improving their crypto significantly with ZeroTier 2" (not to mention memory safety via Rust).