Folklore and Mythology

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A community for discussing folklore and mythology from around the world.

founded 1 year ago
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James G. Frazer's "The Golden Bough" is a comparative study of mythology and religion, examining how primitive beliefs and rituals evolve into organized religions and explaining common patterns and themes across different cultures. The work suggests that human societies progress through stages of belief: from magic to religion and finally to science.

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Originally, women were all in heaven, while men were on earth; until the women descended via rope.

see http://texts.00.gs/1001_Papua_New_Guinean_Nights.htm

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A Humorous Medieval Instructional Tale—Annotated Translation, with Translator’s Introduction by Noriko Tsunoda Reider

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cross-posted from: https://kbin.social/m/13thFloor/t/271445

Index of Native American Indian legends, folktales, and mythology from many different tribes.

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Lore is an award-winning, critically-acclaimed podcast about true life scary stories. Lore exposes the darker side of history, exploring the creatures, people, and places of our wildest nightmares, and has been adapted for television by Amazon, as well as published as a three-book set called The World of Lore by Penguin Random House.

Each episode examines a new dark historical tale in a modern campfire experience. With more than 33,500 5-star reviews on Apple Podcasts and over 415-million listens, that's clearly a good thing.

New episodes are released every two weeks, on Mondays.

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In modern media portrayals, the Devil is often portrayed as this suave mastermind who is always several steps ahead of any mortal. But in German folklore, his portrayal was rather different - quite frequently he was the butt of jokes. The following tale serves as a good example (and one which would not be out of place in an old Warner Bros. cartoon):

The Huntsman and the Devil

A huntsman once went into the forest with his loaded rifle, and smoked a pipe with tobacco while doing so. Then the Devil suddenly appeared, and called out to him: “Let me try as well, for I want to know how smoking tastes!” “You shall have this joy”, said the huntsman, “but my little pipe will soon go out. I will give you my large pipe.” And with these words, he took his rifle off his shoulder and put it into the Devil’s mouth. The latter started to suck on it, but he could not get any smoke from the barrel of the rifle. Then he became angry and started to scream: “Huntsman, you have tricked me! The large pipe doesn’t smoke at all!” “Wait,” said our huntsman, “I shall give you fire”, and pulled the trigger of the rifle. Oh, how the Devil was able to puff now! He forcefully shook himself, threw the large rifle pipe far away from him, and screamed: “Listen, my dear huntsman, I don’t want to smoke with you. For your tobacco is too strong for me!” As soon as he had said this, he was suddenly gone.

Source: Pohlmann. Sagen aus der Wiege Preussens und des deutschen Reiches, der Altmark. 1901, p. 15.

So what other folk tales do you know off where the Devil comes off as rather foolish?

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Modern media portrayals of the Wild Hunt have a fairly consistent portrayal - a huntsman on his steed, surrounded by his hounds. But when you actually start looking into European folk tales of "Wild Hunt"-type phenomena, you quickly notice that the portrayal is rather more diverse than you'd think. Here is one of my favorite examples:

Frau Gauden

There once was a rich and lofty woman by the name of “Frau Gauden”. She was such a passionate huntress that she did not restrain herself from saying these sinful words: The hunt was better than Heaven, and as long as she was able to hunt for all eternity she would never want to enter Heaven. Frau Gauden had twenty-four daughters, and all of them shared the same desire. Once, when mother and daughters again hunted through forests and fields in wild abandon, their joy reached its highest pinnacle and once again the reprobate words left their lips: “The hunt is better than Heaven, and as long as we are able to hunt for all eternity we never want to enter Heaven.”

And behold: Before the eyes of the mother the beautiful clothes of the daughters transformed into shaggy hair, the arms into legs, the human forms into those of animals and - twenty-four she-dogs barked around the hunting wagon of the shocked mother. Four of them took over the role of the horses, and the others roamed around the wagon as hunting dogs. Then the wild hunting party soared forth into the clouds and then, just as they wished, they hunted without end between the sky and the earth, from one day to the next and from one year to the next. But they have long since tired of their wild chase and now regretfully bemoan their sacrilegious wish. Especially the mother grieved not only for her own sad fate, but also that of her unfortunate daughters. But they all must bear their self-inflicted fate until the hour of their salvation. Until then, they may only make their wailing heard before the children of man.

For this reason Frau Gauden steers her wagon to the homes of humans during the Twelve Nights of Christmas, for at other times we children of men cannot perceive her activities. She favors traveling through the streets of the village during Christmas Night and New Year’s Eve, and wherever she finds the door of a house open, she sends one one of her companions into it. A small dog now wags at the inhabitants of the house the next morning and harms no one other than disturbing the peace of the night through its whining. It can neither be calmed nor chased away. If it is killed, it transforms into a stone during the day which, if thrown away, is returned to the house by an invisible force and transforms into a dog again during the night. But now this reanimated dog retaliates by whining throughout the entire year and bringing disease and death over people and animals of the house alike as well as the risk of a fire. Only with the return of the Twelve Nights will peace return to the house, if it has evaded complete doom until then.

Those who do not wish to host such an eerie guest in their house take care to carefully lock the main entrance of their homes during the Twelve Nights. Careless people sometimes neglect to do this, and it is thus their own fault that Frau Gauden pays them a visit. This happened to the grandparents of domestic servants currently living in Bresegard. They were even so foolish to kill the small dog of Frau Gauden, and in return there were neither good tidings nor fortune in the house until the house itself went up in flames. Those who performed a service to Frau Gauden were more fortunate. Occasionally she loses her way in the dark of night and happens upon a crossroads. Crossroads are a bane to her, and every time she comes across one something on her wagon breaks that she is unable to repair by herself. She once visited a farmhand lying in his bed at his farm, woke him up, and pleaded for his assistance in her emergency. The farmhand let himself be persuaded, followed her to the crossroads, and discovered that one of the wheels had fallen off her wagon. He quickly restored the vehicle to motion, and as thanks for his labors she commanded him to gather all the dog droppings into his pocket that her companions had left during her stay on the crossroads. The farmhand was annoyed about such a proposal, but let himself be persuaded when assured that this gift would not be so worthless to himself as he surmised. Both disbelieving and curious he took several droppings with him. And to his considerable astonishment the pickings had turned into gold the next morning. Now he regretted deeply that he only took a few dog droppings with him, instead of all of them, for during the day there was not a trace to be found of the riches he had left behind.

Another time Frau Gauden rewarded a man in Conow who set a new drawbar into her wagon, and at another time still she rewarded a woman in Göhren who carved a new whippletree for her wagon. Both received all the wood shavings which fell down from the drawbar and the whippletree, which turned into pure, splendid gold. Furthermore, Frau Gauden also loves children and at times showers them with gifts. For this reason, children sing the following verse when playing “Frau Gauden”:

“Frau Gauden gave me a little lamb,
with it I shall live in happiness.”

Nowadays she no longer favors anyone in this area but has completely turned away from us for the following reason: Neglectful people near Semmerin once left their front door wide open during New Year’s Eve. For this reason they discovered a small black dog lying down on their fireplace which tormented the ears of the residents with its wailing. Thus they desperately needed good advice on how to get this unwelcome guest out of their house. And indeed they found advice from a wise woman who was well-versed in secret arts. She told them that all home-brewed beer should be brewed through an eggshell. So they did - an eggshell was placed into the bunghole of the brew kettle, and as soon as the unfermented beer had run through it, Frau Gauden’s little dog rose up and spoke with clear and understandable voice:

“I am as old
as Bohemian gold,
but I never dared in my life
to brew beer through an eggshell.”

And as soon as it had said that it vanished, and since that time nobody in this region has seen either Frau Gauden or her dogs.

Source: Bartsch, K. Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche aus Mecklenburg, 1879. p. 20f.

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Many legends and folk tales can be linked to specific real world locations. Here are my modest efforts at mapping the location of German folk tales, and I have included a few similar maps I am aware of in a links list.

If you know of any such interactive maps, please share the link with me!