The Windows system partition contains everything that you see when you open your C: drive in Windows Explorer: Windows system files, documents, user accounts, etc.
When you encrypt the system partition, all those files get encrypted with whichever algorithm you choose.
Anyone who gets a hold of your computer will be completely unable to access anything on the C: drive because it's all been encrypted.
HOWEVER, they would be able to access it if your computer gets stolen while it's powered on or in sleep mode (if it's a laptop)
So if you're really paranoid, you should always shut down your system when you're in a situation where it could possibly get stolen.
For example:
G.SkillRipJaws DDR5 SO-DIMM Series (Intel XMP) 32GB (2 x 16GB) 262-Pin DDR55200 CL38-38-38-83 1.10V Dual Channel Desktop MemoryF5-5200S3838A16GA2-RS
https://www.amazon.com/G-Skill-RipJaws-SO-DIMM-CL38-38-38-83-F5-5200S3838A16GA2-RS/dp/B0B1L42MS7/