Sometimes in colonial America, people named things in honor a Duke who funded/controlled the place.
For example, after NY was captured from the Dutch, it was a proprietary colony of the Duke of York.
Better York sounds like it's just antagonistic towards the guy.
In the US, 80% of people live in metro and micropolitan areas, and only 20% of people are truly rural.
Bikes are never going to be the solution for everyone, or for every trip. What they can be, though, is an 80/20 solution. Particularly in combination with public transit.
That is to say, bikes can be a large part of the solution for the average person, even if the general solution still requires electric cars for the last 20%
No.
That's not "all fares added up to 104 thousand", that's "the fares of people jumping turnstiles and walking in emergency exits added up to 104 thousand".
Keeping the status quo of not replacing turnstiles would have been cheaper. But making fares free would be more expensive.
Which isn't to say that it wouldn't be worth it. Public transit is hugely valuable due to the economies of agglomeration it enables and the infrastructure you don't have to build because of it. It benefits drivers, retail businesses, employers, etc.
An R160 subway car can hold 240 people; they run in 4 or 5 car sets. The E train has 15 trains per hour during peak times, and runs 10 car trains. So that's a capacity of ~36k people, and it shares tracks with some other lines at various points
A highway lane can support 2.2 k people per hour in free flowing traffic. That single subway line can move as many people as a 16 lane highway, assuming that there's no bottlenecks at the exits. Plus the cost of all the parking garages for 36k cars.
You might be able to do a naked short, though.
Sure - if you assume that fewer than 17.1 m acres of the 62.8 m acre category of "other grain and feed exports" (i.e. less than 27% of it) are animal feed, and none of the wheat exports end up in feed, then the total acreage of food eaten by someone and food eaten by animals are equal.
That seems pretty unlikely, though.
Global numbers aren't great, because diets are really different in different countries. The meat eaten by the average American dwarfs the amount of meat eaten by the average Latvian or Peruvian person.
Public transport and bikes require the exact same thing: density, mixed use and paying attention to walksheds.
A lot of the US is suburban sprawl with Euclidean zoning. Neither public transit nor bikes work well there now by design: there's long distances between destinations. A bus that drops you off at a Walmart parking lot isn't all that useful unless you want to go to Walmart. A bus that drops you off in front of a dozen businesses is way more useful.
Parts of that are solvable. For example, mixed use zoning, and pedestrian paths that cut through the mazes of residential cul-de-sacs. It's much easier to bike to a corner store or pub that's .5km or 1km from your house than one that's 5km.
It requires massive political will to build something closer to traditional streetcar suburbs rather than modern car-dependant suburbs.
Yes, that really only works for people in cities and suburbs, but most people live in cities, small towns and suburbs and not on a rural farmstead.
Look at the numbers on the map behind the text.
77.3 m acres of crops eaten directly by people.
127.4 m acres of feed crops. 52 m acres fallow.
The feed crops alone dwarf what's eaten by people. Both feed and fallow is over double the number of acres of crops eaten by Americans.
https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2018-us-land-use/ is where I first saw that number, though it's paywalled now unfortunately.
https://www.vox.com/2014/8/21/6053187/cropland-map-food-fuel-animal-feed says
The proportions are even more striking in the United States, where just 27 percent of crop calories are consumed directly — wheat, say, or fruits and vegetables grown in California. By contrast, more than 67 percent of crops — particularly all the soy grown in the Midwest — goes to animal feed. And a portion of the rest goes to ethanol and other biofuels.
Yes.
There's assorted waste byproducts that aren't good eats but can be fed to animals - for example, spent brewery grain or sugar beet pulp. Some number of chickens and pigs can be raised sustainably. Not very many,
but some.
Some number of deer can be hunted sustainably. Likewise with wild boar.
100 people doing meatless Monday is the same as 14 people going vegan. And 100 flexitarians who eat meat on average one day a week are worth 85 people going vegan. Any amount of reducing meat intake is better than nothing.
Yes, nutritionally speaking chicken feed isn't the best substitute for chicken.
A good vegan equivalent to chicken vindaloo on rice isn't corn vindaloo on rice. It's chickpea vindaloo on rice.
A good vegan substitution for chicken tacos isn't a corn taco. It's black bean tacos.
Yes, beans are a little lower in protein than chicken. No, that doesn't really matter ,reasonable vegan diets will have adequate protein. And there's a reason legumes and a grain are a staple in many cultures - black beans and corn, lentil soup with bread, tofu and rice - it's tasty, nutritionally sound and an efficient use of cropland.
This is technically true, but rather misleading.
Meat animals eat plants. By not eating meat, you don't need to grow the plants to feed to the animals. Animals aren't perfectly efficient. To grow 100 calories of chicken breast takes way, way more than 100 calories of corn.
In fact, more land is used to grow feed crops than to grow crops directly eaten by people, even though most calories in our diet are from plants. And that's not not counting pasture and rangeland, which makes up an absolutely absurd amount of the US.
So yes: you'll increase the amount of runoff from chickpea and lentil fields, but you'll more than make up for that from much larger decreased runoff from soy and corn fields.
I don't think you'll find anyone who suggests that bikes as a single mode of transportation is the solution.
No single mode of transportation is the solution. The solution isn't "subways". The solution isn't "busses". The solution isn't "trams". Or "cars".
Instead, in cities, the solution is a mix of modes. Sometimes that's using one mode locally and a different mode to get across the city. Sometimes that's multimodal trips - taking a bike to the train then biking the rest of the way, for example.
Bikes are particularly good at solving the "last mile problem", which public transit is pretty lousy at solving. That's why, if you go to train stations in the Netherlands they have bike garages. Because trains and bikes are better than trains without bikes and bikes without trains.