After the carnation revolution when the people where fed up with the colonial wars portugal went through the "PREC" (Processo Revolucionário Em Curso) which was a short era of societal reform that included nationalization of companies, the collectivization of farmland and the general growing of popularity of various worker-movements/ parties like the PCP (MLs) the PCTP (Maoists) and others like the UDP and some trots but nobody really gave a shit about them. It was a period of unlimited potential for a revolution and yet it failed to establish socialism in the country. From what i can tell, the main problems were disorganization within the parties themselves (especially the PCP which was the largest communist party and could've done much better than this) and the restraint to overthrow the state by violence. The PCP, one of, if not the, leading leftist party of this period refused to establish dominance by violent means...they know that the only way to establish a socialist government is with a revolution yet they seemed so paralysed during this time. On the 25 November of 1975, communits and socialists unsatisfied with the more "soccdem" way Portugal would take, decided to start a coup but failed as armed "moderates" stopped the attempt before it having any effect. Since then Portugal is just another european "soccdem (nuts)" country with a Neo-liberal government. The PCP still has seat in the portuguese parlament but is loosing relevance more and more while the "CHEGA" (a quasi fascist party with anti-immigration plans and tax cuts for rich and whatnot) party is gaining more popularity. Portugal could've become "europe's cuba" as Otelo Saraiva, a portuguese revolutionary put it. But at the end, fell victim to your average reddit-style "enlightened centrist" who wants a welfare system while conserving the neo-liberal mechanis.
Portugal was so close. So close. But if I remember correctly, after the revolution NATO actually started to panic that one of their founding members would become socialist so they set off a bunch of intimidation techniques (sending warships to Portugal’s shores, flying planes over the country, etc.) to force the people of Portugal to submit. I think the CIA got involved as well.
Considering how brutal the Salazar regime was, the people weren’t as literate as they should’ve been, nor did they have the military might, and that helped with NATO establishing a government that would suit them well.
@[email protected] illustrates the CIA involvement very well. The socialist government was only socialist in name. I believe said government is the current one in Portugal right now.
The Carnation Revolution is a constant reminder of what could’ve been and it breaks my heart.