Canada

Documents from the government show Canadian intelligence agencies were both aware of attempts by India to interfere in elections using “proxy agents,” but also that India’s media ecosystem was actively perpetuating and spreading disinformation about Canadian citizens and politicians.

During the commission, CSIS intelligence confirmed it considers India Canada’s second biggest foreign interference threat following China.

Despite this, India was not initially included within the scope of the commission’s terms of reference until there was public pressure by Sikh community groups.