The mod Everybody Gets One adds a "With surplus" conditional but it only works with recipes that take one ingredient.
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Haven't tried something so specific, but I think there would be a way to do this in vanilla. It requires a bit of planning though.
Have a first make component bill as "do until you have" 50 components, take to storage 1.
Have a lower priority make component bill, "do forever", take to storage 2.
In your bill for using extra components, change the radius of materials so they can only be taken from storage 2.