this post was submitted on 10 Feb 2024
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That's actually one of my biggest gripes with Linux, it seems very difficult to keep track of physical drives and their mount points for when you need to swap things out. I still find it a bit cumbersome, and I've been using Linux since 2005.
lsblk is not enough? It shows drives, partitions and their mount points. It also shows multiple mount points if one partition is mounted in multiple places (e.g. via btrfs subvolumes)
I prefer monolithic systems because I can put the discs wherever I want. Using
lsblkor just themountcommand you get a list of all the mountpoints of different devices.Admittedly, the names of the devices can be confusing but it's something I have gotten accustomed to.
mount
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
sys on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
dev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=8141320k,nr_inodes=2035330,mode=755,inode64)
run on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=755,inode64)
efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
/dev/sdb2 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,inode64)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
bpf on /sys/fs/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=37,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=22556)
tracefs on /sys/kernel/tracing type tracefs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,pagesize=2M)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,noatime,inode64)
/dev/sda2 on /mnt/tera-home type ext4 (rw,relatime)
/dev/sdb1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=1629900k,nr_inodes=407475,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1001,inode64)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1001)
portal on /run/user/1000/doc type fuse.portal (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1001)
Yes I can see that's very convenient for seeing your drives. 😜
Everything should be mounted in fstab. Post your cat /etc/fstab.
I'm betting it's pretty easy to read.
Devices you mount after startup like external USB don't show up in fstab do they?
No and since systemd you actually can have an empty fstab file too (booting via solely automounting is possible)
No, their mount points are usually in
/run/media/[username]/[partition_label]... or if it doesn't have a label, the UUID of the partition.Yes, I know, but that's not automatic, and automatic mount-points vary for removable drives based on DE and distro.
Of course you have to filter out filesystems without a format like ext*, ntfs or FAT as they don't represent external disks.
mountalso doesn't let you see unmounted devices, that's why I uselsblkThat's why grep also exists 😒.
Yes, grep is cool, but I use/need it so rarely, I can never remember the syntax.
My system has functioned so reliably for years, that I hardly ever need to do any fixing or configuration.
The only need for maintenance, is basically hardware upgrades. 👍 Pretty amazing IMO. 😀
Start using a more "terminal heavy" distro, you'll learn the syntax by hart 😂.
Or just try and do more of the things you usually do with a GUI, over the terminal. I initially learned that so many things are just better done over the terminal. Why? Cuz the GUI doesn't usually have all of the options. This is usually not the case with Windows because almost everything is GUI based, Windows doesn't actually have an equivalent of what the terminal is in UNIX like OSes. That's why it has the CMD/PS/WSL mess that it has now. The combo of the three of them tend to replace what the terminal is in UNIX like OSes.
In the end, even they admitted (not publically of course) that true power comes from using a terminal/command line based tools. You can specify to do almost any combo of switches, something that a GUI can almost never do, especially with complex programs, like let's say, ffmpeg. Can you imagine how complicated a GUI would be if every possible combo of command line arguments can be made with said GUI? It'll be better off to just use the terminal, lol 😂.
I very rarely need to do anything in the terminal that takes more than a couple of minutes. I grew up with terminal based systems, and IMO nothing will ever beat the Amiga in clever design and nice terminal with way more intuitive commands. I never really liked Unix, and Linux is essentially like Unix when you use the Terminal.
I've been using computers since 1979, so I admit I don't play with them like I used to.
Yeah, I get it, neither do I. Time is limited, real life comes first, work, family and all that.
That's a very large amount of things to show up. Maybe use lsblk instead? Reminds me of snaps.
I just removed snapd and snapd-glib and the list is 3 lines shorter.
OK I have something called snapd, which I may want to remove.
extra/snapd 2.61.1-1 [installed]
Service and tools for management of snap packages.
lsblk is better, but still a bit confusing:
What's the weirdo "ââ" for? It would look 10 times better without.
Edit:
Ah apparently a terminal character compatibility problem, it's supposed to be a graphics character showing indentation. 🤷♀️
I don't have Ubuntu snap, or anything called snaps installed. I'm using Manjaro, but if snap was there originally I have removed it. No way I'd use that.
You don't need to. It is handled automatically. When I plug in a drive it mounts automatically. If I want to unmount or mount partitions I just open up gnome disks and click the toggle mount button.
Under the hood I believe it is just udev rules I think.
No it's not, and you still need to identify what data is on what drive when swapping. I am not aware of a distro where a drive is auto-mounted with write privileges after you install it.
Most will require you to just enter your user's password when mounting, that's it. Though, yes, your user has to be in the storage group, otherwise you might not get full read/write access (unless you mount with sudo manually that is), especially if it's a real disk, not a USB drive. Even physical discs comnected over USB usually have no problems with persmissions, but ones connected via SATA or M2, yeah, those can have permission read/write issues (user credentials required).
Also wise, though most distros don't do this: add your local user to the storage and networking groups. Makes setting things up a lot easier. Otherwise, you'd have to use root/sudo to do most of these things.
I should if you use a GUI. Normally the largest partition is mounted automatically.
What? Are you talking removable drives? Because there is no distro I'm aware of, that automatically mounts a newly installed disk.
Also usually systems don't grant write privileges for EXT4 or other security featured formats. But only for FAT32 and ExFAT and other "lesser" formats.
So often you have to switch to root, and grant those privileges to your user account.