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You'll want a reverse proxy like Traefik, Caddy, or nginx in order to get everything onto 80 or 443, and you'll want to use your pihole to point domains/subdomains to your NAS.
To add to that.. If OP owns a domain, they could issue an SSL cert for a subsain, like lab.example.com and point the A record to the (hopefully static) IP if the router, and port forward 443 to pihole
Sorry for the silly questions but I'm new to this and still learning how this stuff works. Is there a guide for noobs to do this that you're aware of? I own a domain and I'm trying to do exactly this.
Also, would you recommend traefik over nginx? I am told that if I want to use the skills in a professional environment I should learn nginx but I've read it doesn't have an interface and the configuration is manual.
I've got pterodactyl running some game servers locally I'd like to open to my friends and this should be a secure way to do this.
I also read below I should use a DNS if I don't have a static IP. Does that throw a wrench in all this?
I don't know of any beginner tutorial, since I learned it along the way.
But in a nutshell. Most webservers (reverse proxies) are manual. nginx, caddy, traefik. However, there's nginx proxy manager, which is a web gui.
Regarding DNS, you need DNS regardless of fixed IP what you probably mean is dynDNS (dynamic dns) which you'll definitely need if your IP changes.