this post was submitted on 05 Sep 2023
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No Stupid Questions
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The plane staying in the air is due to lift. Lift is generated by the wings in a traditional aircraft. To generate that lift, air has to be moving over the wings at a particular rate.
Now consider this: in a car, train, etc., you can slowly accelerate up to a given speed. The smaller the engine, the longer it takes to accelerate up to speed X. The same is true in aircraft. Once the aircraft moves fast enough, the wings will produce enough lift to raise it.
For an aircraft engine to produce enough lift to lift the plane vertically is a different matter entirely. Because the wings are no longer producing lift, the propellers (assuming not a jet, but principles are the same) have to be the source of lift. Note that propellers themselves are little wings that produce lift from air flowing over them, but not the same amount of lift as larger wings.
tl;dr: an aircraft engine generally only needs to produce thrust to move the aircraft laterally quick enough so that the wings produce the lift. Without the wings, the math changes drastically.