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An example of German Romanticism, and one of three similar paintings by Caspar David Friedrich, Two men contemplating the moon features two figures silouted against a light sky while their environment seems to be imposing and darkly contrasting.

German Romanticism has a special trait differentiating it from that of English Romanticism, which is wit and humor. It's possible the subtle humor here is the two men should be more worried about their environment rather than looking to the sky. Perhaps it is even a commentary on Germanic life at the time.

Other interpretations involve more serious tones, such as the evergreen spruce and dead oak representating Christianity's triumph over paganism.

Politically, their style of dress was outlawed in 1819, the same year the painting was finished. This was part of the carlsburg decrees which aimed to prevent a sentiment of Germanic unification.

The men are dressed in a style known as "Deutsche Nationaltracht" or "German National Costume." This style was popular at the end of the Napoleonic Wars and was seen as an expression of anti-french german nationalism and a statement against French, "foolish" fashions.