this post was submitted on 10 Aug 2023
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English usage and grammar
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Your conclusion is mostly correct though the actual meaning depends a lot on context and tone. It can also depend on the version of the phrase, like : "What makes you say that?" Is usually asking for background, and is really more like "How did you come to that conclusion?". Where the more straightforward "Why would you say that?" Is more often an expression of shock at someone saying something in specific, such as a mother chastising her child for using bad language: "Joshua Smith! Why would you say that? Apologize to that man this instant!".
Additionally, there are variations in tone of those and similar uses.
"Why would you say that?" = "What makes you say that?" = Please explain your reasoning.
Similarly, the above but in a sing-song or over-enunciated tone = "Now why would you say a thing like that?" = A coy or sardonic variation of the above, where the request for reasoning is rhetorical and unneeded because it is obvious.
"Why would you say that?" = I fundamentally disapprove of the content of your statement
Similar to but distinct from the above, "Why would you say that?" = While I don't necessarily disagree with the content of your statement, I disapprove of speaking it aloud.