Your local host folder will be in wamp/www I believe, but there will be a default index.htm in there. If you don't have any port reatrictions, you can access from any device on the network, phone, another laptop, etc.

For an editor, I like dev-php, or php-dev, can't remember and I'm a touch dyslexic. Either way, it's free, and does nice html/ php/javascript etc highlighting.

I'm oldschool, and write basically everything from scratch.

When it comes to frameworks and such, I can't be of help.

One big addition to php that may be new to you are sessions. Cookie based variables that are stored server side so you don't have to pass all info in the get string all the time.

You add session start to the beginning of your code, and any variables stored in $_SESSION['name'] are permanent for as long as the cookie is good. Great for login, page management, anything you don't want to keep passing as a get or post string, but is too trivial to put into a database.

Other than that, there are a ton of great online resources, just google what ever you are trying to do and include php.

I know people like to shit on php, and there are other great languages and tools out there, but its what I learned, and is still my go to for most web based things.

Good luck to you