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Archaeology or archeology[a] is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes.

Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.

The discipline involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. Read more...

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First glimpse inside burnt scroll after 2k years (www.bbc.co.uk)

submitted 4 days ago by [email protected] to c/[email protected]

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It's a 10m papyrus scroll from Herculaneum, one of the cities buried by Vesuvius' volcanic ash in 79 CE. It's fully carbonised but they're using a synchrotron to create a 3D model of the scroll without damaging it. Then they're using AI (pattern recognition AI, perhaps?) to detect signs of ink, so they can reconstruct the text itself.

The project lead Stephen Parson claims that they're confident that they "will be able to read pretty much the whole scroll in its entirety". And so far it seems to be a work of philosophy.

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[–] [email protected] 7 points 4 days ago

I agree, this sort of AI pattern detection works really well: it is not a big deal if the AI misidentifies a few strokes of ink, but it is a big deal how fast it's able to process the whole thing. And it's likely trained locally, for a specific task so no unreasonably high usage of electricity. It has almost all the pros but none of the cons!

I hold out hope against hope that something similar will one day be possible with the rotted lumps of Maya codices, but I’m not exactly holding my breath.

I hope so, but just like you I'm not holding my breath. Biological activity is messier; the surviving ones are likely full of holes.

To complicate things further, most of the works are already gone. A good chunk because of the Aztecs going full 1984 and destroying stuff to control the subjugated Maya peoples; then the Spaniards mixing disdain and hostility towards the local cultures, plus "plebs don't need to read, the only thing to read is the Bible, and unless you're a priest you'll read it wrong".